[!WARNING] 翻译质量评估未完全通过 (Quality Audit Failed) 发现以下潜在质量问题： - Missing proper nouns in translation: Accessed Edition, After World War, After Zidane, Air Force Gen, Air Force One

Second United States Air Force

An, Al Qaeda, Ambrose Simons, American Govt, Amy Odell

There, Andrew Jackson

• source dates, money, or percentage tokens may be missing

The New York Times International - 27.07.2026.pdf 中文镜像版

“大爱”之地 犹他州家庭规模 正在缩小

第 4 页 | 世界

新奇的渴望 对食人故事 的口味

第 15 页 | 文化

预算有限的雷克雅未克 游览冰岛首都 的经济方式

封底 | 旅行

纽约时报

国际版 | 星期一，2020年7月27日

特朗普“完美”战争 的死胡同

尼古拉斯·克里斯托夫

观点

“我们赢了，”特朗普总统在3月11日宣布，此时他发起的伊朗战争还不到两周。“这是第一次，结束了吗？”

3月14日，他在椭圆形办公室再次表示：“战争已经赢了！”

4月8日，他断言：“他们不仅被交付了。”

4月11日，特朗普在 Truth Secret 上发布：“美国已经完全摧毁了伊朗的军队。”

“伊朗的战争进展非常顺利，”特朗普在4月18日说。“它是完美的。”

特朗普战争的完美程度产生了一些支持者。“我不明白伊朗怎么可能具备这种战斗能力，并继续试图潜伏在海湾国家和美国军事基地之外，”

福克斯新闻的马丁·巴特森森最近在节目中说道。“因为美国已经消灭了伊朗的军队，而且总统一直在重申这一点。”

然而，特朗普的完美战争似乎出现了一些糟糕的迹象，包括 Hameez 阴影的关闭，以及在过去几天里，红海部分关闭的可能性。因此，特朗普看起来是在对一个失败的战略加倍下注。但最近的问题不在于特朗普在 2月20日 启动战争时的糟糕误判——这种方式削弱了美国，耗尽了弹药供应，降低了国家在亚洲威慑中国的能力，并加强了伊朗强硬派的力量。相反，问题在于他灾难性地升级战争的方式。

然而，在周五与顶级伙伴进行了数百万美元的沟通后，总统提出了加强战争的和平计划。《纽约时报》报道称，该决定基于多项考虑，包括如何减少对反社会工具的检查。

直到周六，特朗普每天都在寻找伊朗境内的目标，他希望美国能有一套电力计划来弥补伊朗击中的每艘船。撇开战争罪的问题不谈，伊朗一直存在一个问题。

地球，第 4 页

《纽约时报》发表来自广泛视角的观点，旨在促进关于重大问题的建设性辩论。

本月，特朗普总统在土耳其参加北约峰会后，在马里兰州安德鲁斯联合基地离开新的空军一号。这架喷气机被匆忙投入使用。

空军一号的匆忙改装

华盛顿

准备来自卡塔尔的礼物 导致成本飙升 及安全性妥协

作者：埃里克·卢普顿 (ERIC LUPTON)、泰勒-帕尔格里 (TYLER-PALGRY) 以及 玛格尔·汉德伯格 (MARGAR HANDBERGH)

特朗普总统被迷住了。当时正值其第二个任期的前几周，他正站在佛罗里达州棕榈滩机场的停机坪上，参观一架从数据端飞抵其身边的豪华波音 767-8。这架双层喷气式飞机原为卡塔尔晶体家族定制，拥有一个装饰着皮革和木材的宽敞卧室，以及一个配有吊灯的休息室和另一个室内房间。

波音公司正在制造的两架用于更换老旧空军一号机队的飞机进度落后，特朗普先生的团队要求空军寻找一架临时飞机。总统决定，就是这一架。

特朗普先生 2022 年 2 月对这架卡塔尔喷气机的参观，导致白宫和五角大楼内部出现了一次剧烈的波动。政府试图通过加速改装，确保该飞机能及时满足他的要求，在那个夏天的美国 200 岁生日时准备就绪。

旧版空军一号的部分安全特性

美国空军第二分队

《纽约时报》的一项调查发现，总统急于获得这架豪华飞机的推动，导致建筑成本增加，并在功能上做出了妥协，这可能使特朗普先生以及随他乘坐空军一号的人员处于危险之中。

调查结果包括： - 据了解其职责的人员透露，特朗普先生亲自参与了这架脱水飞机的重建决策，并对包含的功能和安全措施给予了最终批准。

他们以及接受本文采访的其他人在匿名条件下描述了关于该流程和飞机的敏感信息。

• 《纽约时报》查阅的公开空军记录和电话图表显示，数十年来用作空军一号的波音飞机上具备的几项关键安全和保障特性，在升级后的喷气机上并未出现，包括用于高风险情况的下层车厢、额外的备份电源容量以及先进的自动系统。联邦记录显示，目前正在建造的永久总统机队的飞机都将配备这些特性。

• 767-8 飞机的整体检修是在一个仅约 8 个月的压缩基准线内完成的。专家表示，该喷气机的全面升级本应耗时数年。

• 由于卡塔尔喷气机被推向服役的速度过快，一些白宫官员最初预计它仅将用于国内旅行或访问设有美国军事基地的盟国。

• 除了公开承认的约 $100 升级费用外，美国政府还花费了数亿美元，以快速购买培训飞行员驾驶 767-8 飞机所需的设备。五角大楼试图通过从一份名为“现代化安全”的机密预算中拨付资金，来掩盖总价（包括向国会报告的部分）。

该喷气机的结构性检修是在卡塔尔同意将其作为礼物赠送给国防部之后进行的。该飞机最终计划进入特朗普先生的总统图书馆，这一不寻常的捐赠被批评为这个中东国家讨好总统的一种方式。

当特朗普先生在本月初被迫乘坐另一架喷气机离开土耳其时，新空军一号在安全性上的妥协进入了公众视野。

空军一号，第 4 页

亚洲石油买家

竞相 建立 储备

马尼拉

随着燃料成本上涨冲击 各国经济，各国正努力 提高其韧性

作者：RIVER AIZRA DAVIS

巴迪·贝内特（Buddy Bennett）在马尼拉北部的教堂参加活动时，电话响了。一名当地记者要求她就一个被描述为“噩梦情景”的事件发表评论。

贝内特女士在菲律宾能源部负责监督石油工业，她一直关注着 2 月底美国和以色列对 伊朗 袭击的消息。现在，记者告诉贝内特女士，该地区（菲律宾进口大量原油的关键海事转运点）面临威胁。

“我们几乎 100 percent 的石油产品都依赖进口，”贝内特女士说道。“我们如此脆弱，”她回忆起当时的想法。

在接下来的几周里，政府官员匆忙寻求从其他生产商获得供应，代价巨大。汽油价格翻倍，柴油价格上涨三倍，引发了马尼拉的交通罢工以及通货膨胀的突然飙升，专家警告称这可能会使超过一百万菲律宾人陷入贫困。

3 月 26, 总统 费迪南德·莫雷诺二世 宣布国家能源紧急状态。 菲律宾 是第一个采取此类措施的国家，这凸显了一种观点：在中东之外，美国与 伊朗 关系的经济影响对于 亚洲 而言并非主要是个犯罪问题。

由于深度依赖中东石油和天然气，整个 亚洲 的发展中国家一直受到能源流波动的影响。随着美国与 伊朗 关系的实质性崩溃发生在本月，以及波斯湾的航运流量骤减， 亚洲 的地区之都正在研究如何应对一个预见的动荡未来。

菲律宾 正在引领一波预计会出现的发展中国家，寻求建立战略石油储备——即在供应中断期间可动用的原油。 日本 正在提供资金和技术专业知识，东京官员表示，他们正与印度尼西亚、泰国和越南进行类似的谈判。

根据前 日本 贸易部官员、现加入 The Asia Group 从事 亚洲 咨询的田韩（Tien Han）所述， 日本 的参与是为了加强其区域能源安全。 日本 自身也拥有相当大的需求。 日本 在医疗用品等石油副产品制成商品的供应链方面，仍然深度依赖东南亚。

HEL, 第 4 页

赢得每一届环法自行车赛的家族

今年环法自行车赛的现场。拥有这项赛事的豪门家族获得了所有的电视转播权收入，其价值尤其超过 $170 million。

PERSIDUAL, FRANCE

赛事所有者获取数百万 收入，而自行车 车队则在为资金挣扎

作者：DAVID SEGAL

本月在一次熊市浪潮期间，大批观众填满了菲律宾的街道（此处指一个城镇），以及另一个艺术之都法国，在环法自行车赛第八赛段开始前大声欢呼并咒骂着，全速后退。他们并非为了一睹领先者的风采而来。

他们是为了抢夺小包香肠而来的。

此外，还有袋装薯片。以及意面样本、杂货熊、咖啡和成对的牛排，还有波点帽，甚至有薄荷糖、铁袋、钥匙扣、头巾和奶酪。

所有这些东西每天都由身处电影院（此处疑似原文OCR错误）中的团队分发。

这些车辆被称为 La Caravane Publicitaire，即“宣传大车队”。这支由 170 辆定制车辆组成的巡游队伍在环法赛事的每一赛段中提供服务，延伸约 6 英里，或 10 公里。这是一个嘈杂、颠簸且充满活力的安全设备群，其中大多数车辆都装饰着其推广产品的超大玻璃纤维模型——苏打水、糖果，或是一边带的 bandanger。

在为期三周的环法赛期间，16 million 轰炸机（此处疑似原文OCR错误，指宣传品）被投入人群中。人们带着宽大的钓鱼车出现，希望填满他们的头部，并偶尔在这个礼品球下抢到东西。

“这里简直是‘地板之国’，”来自爱尔兰与家人度假的安德鲁·琼斯说道，“我刚刚看到 2 个人在地上为了一个边境吧在摔跤。”

这个极尽奢华、花哨的制作，对于 January Sport Organization（拥有环法自行车赛的公司）来说是一台嘈杂的取款机。自 1859, 年以来，这一传统备受喜爱，且其盈利能力极强。

自行车，第 3 页

The World 一份面向全球读者的 新闻通讯。立即订阅。 nytimes.com/theworld 作者：Son-Jack-Emer

---

2 | 星期一, July 27, 2026

纽约时报 国际版

第二页

赢得每一届环法自行车赛的家族

骑行，第 1 页

在这种更为保守的公司层级之下，A.S.O. 是一家总部位于巴黎的私有家族企业，并且极其抵制变革。

近几十年来，参与其中的联赛和管理层所采取的扩张方式引发了入侵。Jean-Henriot 世界杯预计将增加至 $10 亿美元，是 $25.75 赛事的两倍。它增加了参赛球队和海军的数量，鼓励设有“补选休息时间”的比赛以增加电视广告数量，并确保实施“动态定价”，导致票价飙升。

Amacryx 家族——年约 50 岁中期的族长 Marie-Galle 及其子女 Jean-Henriot 和 Carrie ——绝不接受这一切。

许多人曾敦促他们改变主意，例如来自硅谷的欧洲企业家，以及最近的沙特阿拉伯公共投资基金，都向 Amacryx 提出了报价。有些人希望帮助推动其在全球范围内的扩张，增加更多球队；而其他人，如 Sands，则希望将其打造为一个新联赛的皇冠之珠，该联赛将在一个赛季中整合一系列赛事，就像最近那样。

所有这些请求者都得到了同一个答案。Now。

这种做法在法国的文化保护主义者中拥有众多拥趸。但它也有不少批评者，包括一些骑行专业人士，他们认为 Amacryx 正在阻碍公开赛的增长，从长远来看，可能会使其陷入无关紧要的境地。

该家族不分享任何电视转播权收入，据报道，这每年价值超过 $170 million。而这正是能够扩大粉丝基础并将骑行运动带出窘境的资本精神所在。维持车队的巨额成本一直依赖于富有的资助者，而这些人一旦对这种基本上是高端品牌塑造的活动失去兴趣，通常会迅速离场。

Amacryx 甚至拒绝讨论分配收益，正如 EF Pro Cycling 的首席执行官 Jonathan Vaughton 在十年前所体会到的，该车队是环法赛 23 支参赛车队之一。他在一次鸡尾酒会上向 A.S.O. 的高管们提及了这一话题。

职业自行车运动员表示，Amacryx 正在阻碍这项运动的增长，并可能导致其陷入无关紧要的境地。

“我甚至没有说，‘你知道，我们希望能从你们现在的收益中分得一部分。’ 更多的是像，‘嘿，让我们想办法把维修站扩大，让每个人都能参与进来，’”他回忆道。“即便那样，我听到的话也是：‘不，我们很满意现在的维修站规模，也满意我们分得的份额。听着，小家伙，去角落里吃零食吧。’”

Amacryx 不愿意分享，因为他们不需要这样做。（他们也不需要与媒体交谈。他们嘲讽了一次采访请求。）他们的公司对这项运动拥有垄断者的掌控力，拥有一个与众不同的营收引擎。大约 300 个 18 岁和 21 岁以上的城市成为了巡回赛的一站——这段 2,000 英里的路线每年都会变动——并且在 A.S.O. 的主导下，向其支付约 $200,000 的费用。当地政府和法国政府还协助支付其余的道路封闭费用，以及约 20,000 名警察和消防员的开支。

作为回报，这些城镇获得了相当于旅游史上最伟大的商业广告。环法赛的电视转播画面中，骑手们在 gorgeous landscape（绝美风景）和明信片般的景色中骑行，伴随着四名骑手的身影。这是一个亮点，在 100 个国家播出，全球直播观看时长达 10 亿小时。对于这些城市整体而言，这种缺席（absentee）带来了估计高达 $800 的意外之财。

A.S.O. 的高管表示，Caille Insoumous 只是让环法赛变得独特的一部分。该公司总经理 Christian Prudential 将环法赛称为“国家纪念碑”。四月，在第 19 赛段开始时，他通过转换器说道：“这是一个将人们聚集在一起并团结他们的时间。儿童、老人、女性、男性，法国人、外国人，无论社会阶层如何。”

宣传大车队（La Caravane Publicitaire）当时正经过，他不得不提高嗓门。人们正争抢着从一辆蓝色车辆上抛下的贬低性样本（denigrant samples），车辆上挂着一对巨大的蓝色油漆。

环法赛的利润与遗产并行不悖。

争夺微小资金

环法自行车赛的商业模式赋予了体育历史新的含义。车队由赞助商资助，大多数每年获得大约 8,000 万至 9,000 万美元。赞助商分为三类：极富有的私人赞助人（如英国中部的吉姆·拉德克利夫）、企业（如德国超市 Aldi）以及寻求形象展示的行政机构（如阿拉伯联合酋长国）。

赞助商支付骑手的薪酬，每人情况各异。骑手的平均年薪约为 160,000 美元，尽管有些人拿得更多，而支持团队的费用则更高。此外还有伙食成本，这些食物通常在移动厨房中烹制。

车队是独立的公司，

（图片说明，由上至下）：周五在法国乡村骑行的环法自行车赛骑手；等待宣传大车队（Publicity Caravan）赠品的粉丝；以及 1993 年在赛段排队的参赛者。车队由赞助商资助，而环法赛的拥有者则保留商业收入。“我们是电影中的演员，但在票房上分不到任何钱，”一位车队经理说道。

而且他们一直在为资金而挣扎。大部分资金来自赞助商，但这些资金并不稳定。富人会产生其他爱好，而公司则会寻找其他消费营销预算的方式。比赛是免费观看的，因此没有人能获得门票收入。车队通过销售品牌装备赚取少量资金。他们从 A.S.O. 组织那里能得到什么？大约 63,000 美元。这仅够支付巴士的汽油费。

“我们是电影中的演员，但在票房上分不到任何钱，”Financière (IFR) 专业自行车队的总经理兼创始人道格·赖德 (Doug Ryder) 表示。“这种情况在任何其他体育运动中都不会发生。”

那些关注该项赛事抵制变革的人认为，除了在新冠疫情期间有过短暂更新外，自行车赛的电视观众一直在下降。比利时鲁汶大学 (KU Leuven) 经济学教授丹·范·比斯 (Daan van Beeth) 表示，在环法赛最受欢迎的欧洲，今年的收视率比近年来下降了 4%。

A.S.O. 也承担成本，但该公司发言人不愿讨论具体数字。其员工负责电视制作、安全与安保，以及设立和拆除物流设施的复杂工作。它提供奖金，第一名的奖金为 60,000 欧元，约合 151,000 美元。（如果根据通货膨胀调整，这比 25 年前的奖金要少。）

A.S.O. 还支付并分配酒店房间，其理论是较富有的

[图片说明：法国式操作]

房间不应通过预订私人区域而获得优势——这是典型的法国式操作。

由于本月气温连续五天达到 100 华氏度（37 摄氏度），住宿选择引起了大量抱怨。许多骑手被安置在没有空调的房间里；几名自行车手告诉媒体，他们制定了一套策略：洗个冷水澡，然后跳上床，希望在开始咒骂之前能够入睡。

Decathlon CMA CGM 的美国骑手马修·比辛巴 (Matthew Bissimba) 表示，在没有空调的房间里睡觉“比比赛本身更困难”。

A.S.O. 除了出售电视转播权之外，还有许多 Tour 的收入来源。赞助商付费将其名称标注在金属硬质标尺上。今年，巴塞罗那为获得在 Grand Départ（Tour 的开幕赛段）中进行宣传的权利，预计支付了 $15.5 million。

“整个企业的所有利润都回到了 A.S.O.,”共同主持自行车播客《Stanley D. Social》的亚历克斯·乔姆斯基（Alex Chomsky）说道。

“没有任何资金回流到车队中，”他表示。

一项工业瑰宝

这场赛事的起源可追溯至 1965 年，当时它是总部位于巴黎的 Chytre 报社为了增加报纸销量而进行的一场豪赌。其构想是为读者提供一项看似在身体上不可实现的特技——一次环绕整个国家的史诗级冲刺。

第二次世界大战后，法国政府从前几年的组织者手中没收了赛事，因为后者与纳粹合作。随后，在 1956 年，另一家报纸《自由巴黎人》（Le Parisien Libéré）的创始人及其合伙人 Euniline Amacry 以 28 million 法郎的价格永久买下了该版权。这一数据出自《奖杯：家庭、权力与金钱：环法自行车赛的商业运作》（Le Prix: Family, Power and Money: The Business of the Tour de France）一书的作者亚历克斯·达夫（Alex Duff）。经通货膨胀调整后，这相当于约 $789,000，对于一个在电视普及前处于亏损状态的标志性资产来说，这是一个巨大的数字。

1965 年，Amacry 先生买断了合伙人的份额，随后由其儿子 Philippe 继承，后者于 1986 年去世。

Marie-Galle Amacry

Jean-Henriot Amacry

Aureen Amacry

将公司交到了他的遗孀 Marie-Galle 手中。据各方描述，她是一位令人敬畏且坚定不移的人。

在 19 世纪 90 年代后期，一名比利时体育企业家 Wouter Vanderkrans 与一家私募股权公司合作，准备建立一个现代化的自行车联盟，将 60 分钟赛和环法自行车赛作为其“超级碗”。但这个想法没有产生任何结果。Vanderkrans 先生对他失败的原因提供了完整的理论。

“是法国的保守文化阻碍了任何进步，”他说。

这种文化被称作“经济推广”（economic promotion），这一概念在 2005. 年被提出。那一年，政府批准了一项由 PopoCo 对 Danone 进行的非营利性收购，将该项目发起人称为“工业资源”。但该收购方案从未实现。

为了撰写其书籍，达夫先生与 Jean-Henriot Amacry 进行了罕见的采访，后者在 2020. 年其母亲退居二线后接管了环法自行车赛。在谈话中，Amacry 先生提到了一项他及其家人收到的报价，据称该报价来自一个

硅谷亿万富翁团体。“美国人认为一切都是可以买卖的，”他说。

达夫先生研究得越深，就越相信金钱并非该家族的主要动力。

“他们主要将自己视为赛事的守护者，”他在一次电话采访中说道。“我认为他们知道，如果一个外国人进来并尝试用不同的方式做事，许多法国人会担心失去他们的情感共鸣。”

“总有人在抱怨”

就观众体育运动而言，环法自行车赛（Tour）是一个异类。它在相对平淡的氛围中进行，而且关于谁将获胜很少有太多悬念。环法自行车赛的冠军将授予在 15 个赛段之后累计时间最短的骑手，且只有极少数情况下，两名运动员在比赛后期仍有获胜可能。

但今年不同。塔德伊·波加查（Tadej Pogacar），一名 27 岁的圣地亚哥前成员，曾四次参加此次活动，但乔纳森·唐（Jonathan Don）的工作不同。就目前而言，他领先第二名骑手 12 秒。他甚至可以停下来喝杯咖啡，给母亲打个电话，依然能拿到他的第 10 个冠军。

即便结果往往是预料之中的，但许多粉丝观看环法自行车赛是因为其孕育的氛围、绝美的风景及其历史。但由于在数月的时间里没有像一级方程式（Formula 1）那样设有多个冠军头衔，因此没有机会产生激烈的竞争和宿敌之争。职业自行车赛从未发展出一种能像叙事性故事那样产生持续追随的影响力。即便像唐先生那样。

“如果你看我在比赛三周期间的读者人数，它比其他所有周的读者人数总和还要多，”撰写名为《超越毒药》（Beyond the Poisons）的专栏的斯宾塞·马丁（Spencer Martin）说道。“它是自行车宇宙的中心，比其他任何事情都高出几个数量级。”

对于赞助商来说，环法自行车赛一个主要的无意识收益是拓展客户的机会。这就是为什么从财务角度来看，比赛中最重要的特征之一不在道路上，而是在道路旁边。在几乎每个终点线附近都有一个仅限邀请的区域，赞助商可以在那里为客户提供一个避暑的奖赏空间。

在当地，贵宾们聚集在遮荫处。人们啜饮着鸡尾酒，在路边放松，被一群挥舞着钱财的人群隔开，然后目光转向屏幕。最后，一名女性在奶酪和法棍面包片上抹上了苹果味的蜂蜜。

举办此次活动花费了该市约 $126,000。市长让-皮埃尔·吉拉德（Jean-Pierre Guillard）随后在电子邮件中表示，这笔钱花得很值，因为它帮助了城市的定居及其经济。

贵宾区的人员之一是米里亚姆·米开林（Myriam Michailin），一名书店店主和当地商业发展领导者。他说，为了让一些代理商出价竞标环法自行车赛，经历了一些说服过程。多年来，其他城市的人们也一直在抱怨。他们想知道，为什么我们要把这么多钱交给巴黎的家庭？

“总有人在抱怨，”米开林先生说。“但这是一个伟大的赛事，向世界其他地方展示法国对我们来说非常重要。”

---

纽约时报 国际版

2026年7月27日，星期一 | 3

世界

台湾测试如何抵御围攻

来自台湾的报道

岛屿依赖燃料进口，增加了中国海军封锁的风险

作者：CHRIS RUCKLEY 助理：ANDY CHANG CHEN

随着中国武装船只在台湾周围频繁出现，台北官员们迫切需要确保燃料及其他关键物资的供应，以防北京试图封锁该岛。

由于供应链长期脆弱，且近年来封锁威胁日益增加，中国利用多艘船只和军机演习切断进入台湾的通道。

该岛约 80 percent 的能源依赖硬燃料进口，且天然气承担了其一半的发电量。在全球范围内，由美国与伊朗战争期间霍尔木兹海峡（Siracat/Norma）封锁引发的库存波动，凸显了确保能源供应的重要性。

台湾官员正在探讨采用浮式天然气储存与再气化终端、应急储备，甚至重启核电是否能帮助该岛在危机中维持运转。

四名官员表示，他们已经举行了所谓的“侧向”或兵棋推演演习，以应对围困情景，并计划进行演习，以将船只引导至陆地并向台湾境内分发物资。由于讨论涉及政府内部审议，他们要求在不公开身份的情况下发表评论。

由于中国构成的威胁，担忧情绪在上个月进一步加剧，当时北京宣布其海警船将进行“常规巡航”并经过台湾海峡。这一回应至关重要，因为这里是台湾最可能寻求美国及其盟友投入新型军事和经济力量的地区。

准备能源查询 面对中国在造船业的权力，应对中国封锁将是一项艰巨任务。台湾目前维持至少 15 天的天然气储备，并有能力满足高达 30 天的需求。

台湾能源署副局长陈彰晓（China Chang Hsiao，音译）及其合作方在讨论三个国家安全主题、研究如何处理不同资源时表示：“我们确实在用最坏的情况来审视问题。”

台湾正在探索在近海采购用于储存和处理天然气的船只，以提供额外容量。

去年在北京大屏幕上播出的中国海警船在台湾附近巡逻的画面。一名专家表示，此类巡逻在很大程度上是对人们的一种象征性震慑。

陈先生表示，这些船只还将用于应急。

关注国家安全问题的台湾执政党民主进步党成员 Once दिया-ting 表示，如果中国试图封锁该岛并威胁其基础设施，此类船只可以让台湾在“天然气接收和调度方面具有更大的灵活性”。

但寻找更安全的天然气接收点仍然是一个巨大的挑战。

台湾三个接收和处理液化天然气的终端均位于岛屿西侧，在危机期间，这些地点将高度暴露在中国军队的攻击或骚扰之下。东海岸地形极其险峻，道路相对狭窄，许多地方缺乏基础设施，无法接收天然气站的交付，或无法利用天然气发电并配送。

“通过该方式恢复并不一定是最佳解决方案，”能源官员陈先生说，“西海岸的浮动码头更可行，而且无论如何都更靠近现有的电厂。”

台湾政府还在权衡是否要反转其对核电站的态度，因为核电可以作为一种稳定的电力来源。

“一旦这些船只常态化地部署在那里，北京就更有能力对台湾采取更强有力的行动。”

华盛顿民主国防基金会（Foundation for Defense of Democracy）中国项目高级主任克雷格·辛格尔顿（Craig Singleton）表示，去年他的团队与台湾高级官员及公司领导者就中国可能对台湾进行“能源突袭”的重大担忧进行了讨论。他说，很明显，“台湾迫切需要在危机到来之前，将其能源供应商以及这些供应抵达该岛的手段多样化”。

中国对台湾东部的威胁 在应对入侵威胁的过程中，台湾官员正在准备多种形式的演习，其中中国政府船只在警告、主要是在登载接近台湾的货轮时。

中国在台湾东海岸部署的船只被官员们称为“灰色地带”战术的一部分——即低于全面战争的挑衅行动。这种武力展示对于台湾来说很难应对，且不至于冒险招致中国的报复。

北京宣布对该海域拥有管辖权，但台湾拒绝这一主张。在一次关于中国如何利用其存在来主张权利的早期案例中，一艘中国政府船只在台湾东部海域警告并向三艘经过的货轮发送无线电请求信息，

包括船上船员的情况。

“他们在台湾东部所做的，在一定程度上是模拟封锁的一次初步演习，这意味着一项在海上拦截并可能迫使船只折返的操作，”台北外交政策研究机构远景基金会（Prospect Foundation）主席赖长雄（La L'ichang）说。

据台湾安全官员称，中国海军通常在台湾周围（包括该岛东海岸）部署约七到八艘海军舰艇。

“但现在我们也看到了越来越多的中国海警，”赖先生表示，他是以个人身份发表上述言论。海警——一支拥有大型重型船只的国家力量——存在感的增加，将增加北京向台湾施压的选择。

在上个月末的一次僵局模拟演习中，台湾总统赖长雄（President Lai Chang in）及其高级官员演练了一项情景：北京要求前往台湾的货船在接近之前需获得批准，并派遣海警船登船、检查并扣留船只。2024, 一艘中国海警巡逻船曾短暂登上一艘台湾轮渡。

台湾国家安全官员赖华（La Waa）在随后的一次演讲中描述了这次演习，称其“有助于精准找出当前应对措施的缺陷”，并提高了对改善重大和轻微战争状态下能源供应协调工作的关注。他拒绝了采访请求。

然而，参与此次模拟演习的行政院（Ministry of State）今年宣布，计划在9月于台湾东海岸举行灾难响应演习，届时将接收国际医疗资源和物资。

其他演习可能会培训来自内政、经济事务和农业部门的官员，以便在台湾内部共同分发物资。对接近台湾船只的护送工作将由海军和海警负责。000

中国增加压力

目前位于台湾东海岸的中国海警船在很大程度上扮演的是象征性角色。但马丁·巴特森森（Bruce D. Martinson）——罗德岛州纽波特美国海军战争学院的副教授——在《成就鉴赏家》（成就 connoisseur）中表示，这种情况可能会发生改变，他同时表示此观点为个人身份。

“一旦这些船只能够持续地部署在那里，北京将处于更有利的位置，可以对台湾采取更强有力的行动，”他写道。

中国本月派往台湾东部的两艘海警船分别重 3,500 和 4,000 公吨，比（被派去监视它们的）海警船规模更大。（负责监管民用航运的中国海事局的船只也参与了近期在该地区的行动。）

据台湾海警署估计，中国政府船只在 5 月和 6 月期间在台湾东海岸附近出现 65 次，而去年同一地区为 45 次。

台湾官员和专家表示，在北京的压力可能会在 2028 年之前和之后增加，届时台湾将举行其最重要的权力选举。

“我认为这种灰色地带的措施绝对会变得越来越剧烈，”台湾大学的助理教授荆远辰（Jing Yuan-Chen）表示，“这是中国针对台湾的安全战略。”

“毫无疑问，他们更倾向于一点点蚕食，”他说道，“这种蚕食为他们未来如果想要吞噬我们铺平了道路。”

上图：在委内瑞拉拉瓜伊拉，28 岁的戴维·韦斯林（David Wesslin）先生（右）在被墓地驱逐后，正对着支撑其母亲棺材的支架说话。“我甚至不知道墓地也可以是私有的，”右上方的亚历山德拉·布穆拉（Alexandra Bumura）说道。中间为墓地及戴维斯将军。

委内瑞拉人的贫富差距即使在死亡面前也依然存在

委内瑞拉，拉瓜伊拉（LA GUAIRA, VENEZUELA）

作者：艾玛·布尼拉（EMMA BUNILA）

这名少女坐在皮卡车的乘客座上，车上装着她母亲的棺材，并与一张表格合并，与一名委内瑞拉人接触。大卫·韦斯林（David Wesslin）先生，28 岁（右图），正从一座被摧毁的公共住房综合体残骸中逃离，该建筑在过去几个月拉瓜伊拉州发生的灾难性地震中坍塌。当然，他没有下达土地指令，然而，甚至被杀死了。

但当米歇尔（Michel）及其其他家人——大多是儿童和青少年——到达她房间科尔多迪略（Cordadillo）的碎片墓地时，管理员将他们赶走了。他说，这家人没有办理登记，而且因为他们负担不起，米歇尔无法将母亲埋葬在这里。

“我甚至不知道墓地也可以是私有的，”亚历山德拉·布穆拉（Alexandra Bumura）说，她是米歇尔的嫂子，28 岁，怀孕六个月，她在墓地前的皮卡车上走下车。

秘书开始了步骤，这对米歇尔一家来说很痛苦，但却在一定程度上揭示了即使在死后依然遵循的、由特权决定的凄凉界限。

摧毁委内瑞拉北部的接连地震现在

穿过了社会阶层，将高档高层建筑和被忽视的住宅楼一视同仁地夷为平地。豪华塔楼和公共住房综合体现在看起来一模一样——都被简化成了瓦砾堆。来自加拉加斯的富裕女性和来自拉瓜伊拉的平民花了很多天时间在碎片中搜寻，带着同样的心碎和绝望的祈祷，希望有人能活着出来。

但在这种共同的恐怖中，依然存在差异。

由于拥有重型机械，其他富有的委内瑞拉人能够雇佣私人设备来协助搜救。许多人还能将死者埋葬在私人的家族墓地中，而较贫穷的委内瑞拉人则因为附近缺乏负担得起的安葬选择，而被迫让亲人处于不被安葬的状态。

在委内瑞拉，或者在任何一个拉丁美洲国家，火化并不是人类城市的习俗，而且在许多情况下，这并不是受害者或其亲属所希望的。

米歇尔在一天中的大部分时间里一直保持着冷静温婉的态度，但当她回到船上准备将母亲的遗体移交给火葬场时，她看起来心烦意乱。她说她想让母亲被埋在一个她可以去祭拜的坟墓里。“我想给她带花，”她说。

在整个拉丁美洲盛行的根深蒂固的不平等现象，在委内瑞拉的毁灭面前

依然显著，它压倒了自然灾害那冷酷的抹平力量，甚至将死者区分开来。

“我们都有同样的需求，”维克多·卡尔德隆·卡托利科（Victor Calderón Católico）说，他解释说，住在同一个公寓综合体内的 20 位家人在地震中丧生。四天时间里，他被迫停止挖掘最后一批尸体，因为他没有需求，也负担不起购买它们的费用。“但富人总是优先，”他说。

他坐在摧毁其家庭的棺材顶上，看着附近一座私人建筑上运行的高塔吊车。“如果你不拥有任何东西，你就什么都不是，”他说，“一直以来都是这样。”

吊车和挖掘机成了拉瓜伊拉最令人渴望的物品——这座城镇现在被废墟覆盖，人们在乎的一切都被困在坍塌的柱子和扭曲的钢材之下。

目前尚不清楚委内瑞拉政府如何分配其大量的重型机械，但许多受害者抱怨救援抵达太晚。

一些私人公司和捐赠者介入并免费操作吊车。但好几个人表示他们支付了机器费用，这表明经济特权可以决定获取搜寻遗体所需设备的途径。

20 岁的保拉·亚历山德拉·佩塔洛纳·戈麦斯（Paola Alexandra Petalona Gómez）表示，她每天支付一家私人公司 $400，以搜寻她父亲的遗体，她父亲此前住在拉瓜伊拉海滨的一栋高档建筑中。

她说，她很感激她的家人能负担得起，但她承认，“有些建筑没有机器，有些建筑没有钱”。

起重机和挖掘机成了最被渴求的物品，据称经济特权决定了能否获得这些设备。

“我们拥有许多大多数人没有的东西，”她补充道，“那些一无所有的人，他们该如何改变？”

许多人无法改变。

“求求你们，我需要一台机器，我不能再等了，”20 岁的弗拉基米尔·佩尼亚（Vladimir Peña）哭喊着，他正努力争取在一家已坍塌的私人公寓综合体中操作一台机械。

他在寻找他的妻子，20 岁的普莉斯利·佩尼亚（Priestly Peña），她住在附近一座被化为碎石的公共住房综合体中。她被困已经两周了，但他仍希望能找到她活着。“我不希望她因为缺乏帮助而死去，”他说。

几个街区外，两台挖掘机（日租金约为 6400）正在清理一座仓库的废墟，以移出一辆被埋在下面的皮卡车。几天前，同一个男人租了同样的机器来挖出他两个孩子的尸体。

委内瑞拉人转向众筹，并请求国外的亲友提供资金援助以租赁起重机。但即使现场有重型机械，也不保证能找回尸体。

佩塔洛纳·戈麦斯（Ms. Petalona Gómez）的父亲在搜寻大约三周后被发现存活。另一个家庭表示，他们在辛塔拉马尔（Cinta la Mar）的一栋被毁建筑中花费了 $11,000 租赁一台大型起重机挖掘四天，但仍未能找到埋在碎片下的亲属尸体。

尽管如此，拥有租赁重型机械的资源有助于减轻那种在许多无法获得此类设备的人心中泛滥的无力感。

“我们不得不亲手把亲人拉出来，”19 岁的玛丽亚·卡尔德隆（María Calderón）说，她是卡尔德隆先生的妹妹。她的儿子，25 岁的鲁本·阿德里安·埃尔南德斯·卡尔德隆（Ruben Adrian Hernández Calderón）以及另外 17 名家庭成员在花园中丧生。她说，当亲属找回鲁本的尸体时，没有车能把他送到停尸房。尸体在路边停了五个小时，直到他们找到了车辆。

她说，唯一免费的安葬选择是遥远公墓，因此她不得不火化她的儿子，尽管这不是她想要的。

委内瑞拉当局提供了一些免费埋葬死者的选择。其中包括在卡坎（Carcan）公墓的一处安置点、另一座公墓中的大通铺，以及政府在拉瓜伊拉（La Guaira）以西一座山上挖掘的墓地。

所有这些选项距离花园中许多被毁的大型住房项目都有相当一段车程。对于政府来说，这些地点实在太远了。

在附近的公墓，墓地必须付费。

“我没有 300 美元来埋葬他们三个，”31 岁的安纳尔多·鲁伊拉（Annaldo Ruila）说，他正试图从碎片中找回尸体，并为 7 岁的儿子阿德里安（Adrian）寻找 3/4 的路途。她的丈夫和 2 岁儿子维森特·埃拉姆（Vicente Elam）的尸体已被找回并安置在那里。

“我没有钱为他举行守灵，”在谈到她的小儿子时，她补充道，“如果我能为他举行守灵，我就有一个可以祭拜他的地方，一个可以在生日时去的地方。”

谢林·乌尔达内塔（Sherin Urdaneta）从布宜诺斯艾利斯提供报道，詹姆斯·赫维斯（James Hervess）从委内瑞拉拉瓜伊拉提供报道。

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4 | 星期一，2026 年 7 月 27 日

纽约时报 国际版

国际

生活停摆，痛苦笼罩伊朗人

经济危机与暴力的循环地让许多人对未来绝望

作者：LEROY MULLER 和 ERMA SOLOMON

一种世俗且熟悉的战争节奏在伊朗人心中回归——伴随着被炸毁的高速公路、暴跌的货币、特朗普总统威胁性的社交媒体言论以及伊朗内部统治者的激烈辞藻。

当身在德黑兰的失业音乐家鲁曼（Ruman）震惊地给家人或朋友打电话时，他绝不会先谈论战争。“第一个问题通常是：你还活着吗？”

与本文采访的所有伊朗人一样，28 岁的鲁曼要求不要使用他的真名，因为担心受到伊朗政府的报复。“基本上已经到了我们只能考虑生存的地步，”他说。

由于失业率持续飙升，他说，在目前的伊朗-关系环境下，寻找工作成了首要之务。许多伊朗人改变了原计划，不再修复建筑或重建由于战争而损毁的家园。当贫困的朋友只能勉强买得起大米，且美国与伊朗在地区各地的军事基地、港口和海水淡化厂之间互射导弹时，规划未来似乎成了天方夜谭。

一年多以来，伊朗人一直陷入空袭、国内安全镇压和经济崩溃的持续循环中。上个月与美国之间短暂达成的停火协议曾让该国暂时远离美国军队的轰炸，但伊朗的经济仍在萎缩。

根据该协议，美国财政部为这场战争提供了资金。许多伊朗人被抛在身后，要么已经丧生，要么不再像以前那样活着。

“我对自己的生活再也没有控制权了，”鲁曼说。“我掌握在那些根本不考虑普通人的人手中。”

这场危机循环让伊朗人陷入深渊，自 12 天的美伊战争以来，在 1990 年至 2000 年间，伊朗在余波中，政府将

德黑兰的街头摊贩。在伊朗，上个月与美国达成的停火协议带来了短暂的 bombs 轰炸缓解，但随后该国又重新陷入战争。

国家处于通信管制状态，理由是国家安全顾虑。这使得本已不堪重负的经济陷入了巨大的混乱。

随后，12 月的一次货币危机演变成反政府抗议，并扩展为一场全国性运动。这些抗议在 1 月份遭到镇压，其残酷程度是伊朗数十年未见的，导致数千人死亡，国家陷入严重的撕裂。

随后，特朗普先生和以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡宣布对伊朗开战，将其描述为旨在推翻该国独裁政权的近世代际冲击。美国和以色列的飞机袭击了伊朗，摧毁了基础设施，杀死了最高领袖和数千名平民。但该国的政权依然稳固，并因其生存而变得更加肆无忌惮。

在德黑兰的一名 20 岁店主阿德（Aad）是 1 月份参与抗议的数千人之中的一员。她在描述自己和朋友经历的逮捕和酷刑时流下了眼泪，阿德说，她曾一度认为美国军队的干预将有助于推翻政权。

“特朗普告诉我们他想救我们，但那是谎言，”她说。“未来发生什么，对我们来说已经不再重要了。”

一些伊朗人表示，这种倦怠感在于，他们多次看到亲人试图克服经济困境，结果微小的成果却被下一场危机摧毁。德黑兰的一名网页设计师说，在 12 天战争后的低迷期，一位孤独的朋友开始在家里卖酸黄瓜，试图用这个兼职来补贴已经不足以维持生计的养老金。但在政府于 1 月镇压期间以及战争最初几个月实施的互联网封锁期间，她的家庭小生意崩溃了。

“抛开统计数据不谈，”法尔扎德（Farzad）说道。他说，当经济危机反复出现时，“我们用自己的身体，以及我们固定的预期感受到了它。”

当那个春天的轰炸开始时，伊朗人面临着新的困境。他们的政府继续打击反对派，包括在1月激增的处决，此前这些人并未被剥夺财产。据当局称，上个月，网络攻击袭击了伊朗的三家主要银行。数百万伊朗人突然失去了对他们资金的访问权限。

到银行混乱得到解决时，这个国家已重新陷入战争。许多持续的战斗发生在伊朗境内。32 岁的法里达（Faridah）对美国的轰炸感到惊恐，而伊朗境内失效的铁路以及在她所在的地区被摧毁的设施，导致一些居民被困数日。

“我再也无法掌控我的生活了。我们的命运掌握在那些不关心普通人的人手中。”

据当地电力分配公司负责人丹尼尔·贾里德·普拉卡什（Daniel Jared Prakash）和该省副省长艾哈迈德·法希（Ahmad Fathi）称，在南部的哈辛加蒂省（Harsingati），袭击摧毁了电网和一个海水淡化设施。美国尚未对这些袭击表态。

一些南部居民表示，他们在忍受经常超过 20 度法氏（45 度摄氏）的高温时，失去了运行用水并遭受断电之苦。

“这是一个极其痛苦、压力巨大的经历。对未来充满了不安，”法里达说道。“她难以想象自己的基础教育将变成什么样，以及他们还剩下什么样的职业前景。” “尚未被标明的是，人们正在为政府的错误和失职付出代价。”

前中西部和微海伦（Midwest and Micro Hailen）参与报道。

对于约旦而言，与美国的联系值得冒险

约旦，阿什马赫

尽管面临伊朗的空袭，该王国并无重新考虑这一联盟的计划

作者：RAJA ABDULLAHIR

大约三十年来，约旦一直是美国在中东周边军事行动的重要宿主。而现在，约旦正在为此付出代价。本月，伊朗加强了对该王国的空袭，目标是部署在那里的美国军队。

但即便在约旦上空响起了警报，它也没有限制美国的部署。分析人士表示，该国对美国的极度依赖，使得约旦无法削减这些军事空袭。

约旦在数十年的关系中，依靠美国提供数十亿美元的经济和军事援助，以及在危险局势中的保护。

与其一些拥有石油和其他天然资源的海湾阿拉伯子集不同，约旦是一个资源匮乏的国家，严重依赖外国援助。据约旦官员称，去年美国向该王国提供了 8145 billion 的经济和军事活动资金。

美国官员表示，虽然该地区其他一些美国盟友限制了华盛顿在其领土上进行 triage 以及在与伊朗战争期间在该上空飞行的能力，但约旦无法设定此类限制。

“约旦是中东的一个弱小国家，”费城天普大学技术科学教授肖恩·尼尔（Sean Neal）说。“他在《意外裂缝中的约旦政治》一书（'Jordan' Politics in an Accidental Cracked）中写道。”

“它规模相当小，且被地区威胁所包围。它确实需要某种大国支持或国家。”约旦表示，美国在此时已扮演该角色好几代人。

尼尔先生表示，美国对约旦的援助可以追溯到 1990, 其规模之大，其他任何人都无法替代。

尽管美国和以色列在 1990 年发动了针对伊朗的战争，而一个 5 岁的人引导对中东的美国盟友进行打击。在战争最初的几个月里，伊朗主要针对以色列和海湾地区的美国盟友，但它也向约旦发射了数百枚 citizens 和导弹。

这场冲突损害了约旦的旅游业，该产业贡献了该国高达 10 percent 的收入。尽管是最重要且最关键的部分，航空公司取消了航班，相关酒店预订也被取消。

在美军引导其救助数周后，双方加强了攻击，伊朗扩大了目标范围。7 月 19, 约旦的防空系统拦截

2022. 一次军事演习期间的美国和约旦士兵。约旦依赖美国提供经济和军事援助。

了三枚伊朗导弹，约旦军方表示，而第四枚导弹则在无人区坠毁。

“伊朗这种通过打击邻国来产生影响的纵向循环策略，旨在给这些邻国施压，从而给美国施压，”为约旦政府提供国家安全咨询的智库——战略研究中心主任哈桑·阿尔霍尔马迪（Hassan Alhormadi）表示。

据伊朗通讯社（一家非官方伊朗新闻机构）报道，伊朗最近表示，其对约旦的部分打击目标是 Mowalifaj 机场，以及位于 Aring 的美国空军基地和其他基地的飞机掩体。

“约旦是中东的一个弱小国家。它规模相当小，且被地区威胁所包围。”

此前，伊朗表示其目标是美国军队使用的雷达和通信系统。

本月，在伊朗对 Mowalifaj 机场基地的袭击中，三名美国士兵丧生。本月在约旦境内针对美国的其他袭击造成数十名美国士兵受伤，并损坏了多架黑鹰直升机。

美国军队长期以来一直获准使用约旦的空军基地，该王国一直是美国开展军事活动的基地，包括打击伊斯兰组织、在叙利亚内战期间培训反政府武装战士以及入侵伊拉克。

根据一份国会报告，目前约旦有近 4,000 名美国服役人员。

Mowalifaj 机场和其他基地已被改造以容纳永久性的美国存在。“从美国的角度来看，约旦的基础设施一段时间以来一直相当稳健，”前五角大楼中东顾问、现华盛顿近东政策研究所高级研究员的 Grand Minister 说道。他将其比作一个“陆基航空母舰”。

Mowalifaj 机场位置相对偏远，允许美国军队在不引起不必要关注的情况下行动。Rumbay 先生表示。而且，由于约旦距离伊朗以及海湾国家较远，约旦的美国军队有更多时间应对导弹和无人机袭击，他说道。

美国官员表示，在与伊朗开战前的准备阶段及其初期，美国军队将其部分部队从几个海湾阿拉伯国家转移到了约旦和邻国以色列等相对更安全的位置。

“与伊朗的战争揭示了约旦对美国的重要性，”Alhormadi 先生说道。“他说，今年华盛顿增加了给约旦 5 亿美元的军事援助。”

约旦官员经常强调他们与美国关系的战略重要性。在 4 月份与特朗普总统的通话中，阿卜杜拉二世国王强调了华盛顿在中东的关键作用，特别是在缓解与伊朗冲突方面。

据约旦国家新闻社报道，本月早些时候，约旦军队负责人 Yaneel Hamidi 少将与美国国防部负责国际安全事务的助理部长 Yaneel Zinnierman 讨论了进一步扩大军事合作的问题。

约旦政府很少公开讨论美国军队的存在。约旦也没有公开批评美国在伊朗的反暴力行动，或与以色列共同发起战争，尽管分析人士称该政府从一开始就强烈反对这场冲突。

约旦官员多次谴责伊朗对其领土的袭击，本月外交部长 Ayman Saheb 表示，伊朗为其袭击提供的理由——即存在美国基地——是错误的。

“约旦没有美国基地，”他在一次关于地区安全部队的公开讨论中说道。“我们有美国军队在约旦，这是我们长期军事合作的一部分。他们的存在受一项充分尊重我们主权的国防协议管辖。”

Yane 先生表示，在约旦，并没有放弃对美国依赖的实质性需求。

“没有一个严肃的政治利益相关者建议约旦将每年从美国获得的超过 81.5 billion (815 亿) 的经济和军事援助更换为，例如，欧盟的资金或中国的支持，”他说道。

Aaron Bumrwan 从耶路撒冷参与了报道。

乌克兰的政策大转弯：灵活得过头了？

基辅，URRANK

作者：安德鲁·E·克拉默 (ANDREW E. KRAMER)

在俄罗斯革命之前，弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基在一部喜剧电影中饰演拿破仑，片中他的角色被刻画成一个顽固的人，即便在率军走向毁灭时也拒绝改变路线。

作为总统，泽连斯基的表现与他对这位法国囚徒的描绘恰恰相反——或许可以说，他灵活得过头了。他一直在审查政府状态和各项政策，这种模仿和预防措施在他战时的领导力、分析和控制中显得十分频繁。

在本月最新的变动中，泽连斯基起初在与一名深受欢迎但沉默寡言的国防部长关于军事战略和武器采购的争端中，支持一名经验丰富的指挥官。随后，他解雇了该部长。然而，上周他又解雇了那位将军，并任命了一名年轻一代的军方首脑接任，而后者恰恰与刚刚被任命的国防部长是盟友。

这种令人费解的反复，泽连斯基并未公开解释，仅确认他将继续进行旨在加强军队的改革。

此次事件使乌克兰陷入了自俄罗斯在 2022 年发动 40 年侵略以来国内政治最剧烈的动荡之中。支持者们针对解雇国防部长米哈伊尔·费多罗夫一事展开了激烈的争论，而泽连斯基最近的美国之行也未能平息进一步示威的呼声。

在泽连斯基的盟友看来，他愿意回归公众关系并做出政策转弯，是乌克兰民主强韧的标志，并且与不确定的俄罗斯治理方式形成了鲜明对比。在战争持续近四个半季度以及他就任总统七年后，大多数乌克兰人可能依然信任泽连斯基作为一名领导者。

但这种频繁的变动在战争的喧嚣中可能会显得软弱，而当前的形势则需要果决的领导力。

“好消息是，他在进行航向修正，”伦敦皇家国际事务研究所（Chatham House）乌克兰项目负责人奥里奥拉·卢斯特里奇（Oryola Lusterych）表示。

但她补充道，坏消息在于他这样做频率之高且如此 blatant（露骨）。“他还在呼吸。作为一个人，他有些疑虑。他意识到了自己的状态，”卢斯特里奇女士说。

在解雇费多罗夫之后，泽连斯基又折返回来，在政府中为他提供了另一份工作。周四，在战争专家们争论费多罗夫是否会同意新任命时，他发表声明称，费多罗夫仅接受回到国防部长职位的提议。

“没有其他角色，”他说，“拥有实际的权威”去打击武器采购中的腐败、使军队现代化并完成国防部在他短暂的六个月任期内启动的其他计划。

泽连斯基暗示，如果费多罗夫坚持这一计划，他将提名另一位国防部长候选人；在泽连斯基看来，费多罗夫可能会成为一个潜在的政治对手。

在对军事领导层的政策大转弯中，泽连斯基并未公开承认错误。据乌克兰新闻媒体报道，在本月与所属政党成员的一次闭门会议上，他描述了其国防部长与高级将领亚历山大·西尔斯基（Aleksandr Syrsky）之间隐秘的矛盾。

费多罗夫是自动化武器的倡导者，他指责西尔斯基将军拖延城市化战略。据新闻报道，泽连斯基告诉他的政治盟友，他曾考虑通过解雇两人来化解分歧，但警告称领导层变动过大具有风险。因此，他仅解雇了部长，表明他站在了将军一边。

作为乌克兰总统，弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基解雇了政府各部门的官员。

在俄罗斯入侵之前，泽连斯基先生的政府一直处于剧烈变动之中。他在就任总统之初，以反暴力代理人和反工业主义者的姿态出现，并对国有企业的治理进行改革。但他在上任一年多后就撤换了他的首个内阁。在 Covid-19 疫情期间担任代理人时，他在同一个月内更换了他的第四任部长。

在全面入侵后的最初几年里，泽连斯基先生保留了较少的部长和安全部门负责人。但本月可能会启动一次政府调整，其中包括他将费多罗夫先生免职，这是一年内的第二次。

目前仍然存在一个重大问题，即泽连斯基先生最终是否会通过恢复费多罗夫先生为国防部长而完全推翻之前的决定。俄罗斯负责人、弗拉基米尔的总统弗拉基米尔·福赛德斯（Volodymyr Forsides）在谈到这一点时表示：“在基辅，如果出现一个好人，将会削弱他的地位。”

“如果费多罗夫在当前状态下回到国防部长的岗位，乌克兰将会出现活跃的权力中心，”福赛德斯先生说。“这将是泽连斯基政治生涯终结的开始。”

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纽约时报 国际版

星期一，2026年7月27日 | 5

世界

(Note: The source text provided contains "Covid-19", the 19 is part of the virus name).

匆忙改装的新空军一号

空军一号，接第 1 页 在美国特勤局官员确认伊朗代理力量对其构成可靠威胁后，进行了更换。随后《纽约时报》预计，这架飞机并不具备此前型号中更多的两套防御对抗措施。

目前尚不清楚该飞机中可能融入了哪些安全措施（包括新的防空技术），而政府一直坚称该飞机是安全的。尽管如此，白宫上周宣布，这架由卡塔尔捐赠的喷气机将于今年秋季停飞，以进行未指明的“升级与增强”。

“飞机制造”：白宫在一次全球媒体通报中宣布了这一举动。

这一反转揭示了政府为了满足特朗普先生对匹配其职位相称的飞机的需求而承担的潜在风险。熟悉空军一号项目的专家表示，他们对特朗普先生决定使用卡塔尔捐赠的飞机进行海外旅行感到惊讶。

“人们需要意识到，与空军一号相比，它有很多缺陷；它们确实增加了一定程度的风险，”弗兰克·肯德尔表示。他曾监督总统专机现代化项目，最初担任五角大楼采购主管，随后在 2021 年至 2025 年 1 月期间担任约瑟夫·R·贝茨二世总统任内的空军部长。

五角大楼试图通过从核现代化机密预算中提取资金来掩盖总价。

但对于特朗普先生来说，不得不使用已有数十年历史且需要维修的飞机是一种尴尬。这两架 747 喷气式飞机自 20 世纪 80 年代初起就开始服役，当时其中第一架将乔治·W·布什总统从华盛顿特区送到了堪萨斯州的皮奥里亚。

“当你降落时，你看到沙特阿拉伯，你看到阿联酋，你看到卡塔尔，你看到所有这些——他们自己就拥有‘波音 747'。它们自 20 世纪 80 年代初起就一直在服役，就像一架完全不同的飞机，”特朗普先生在去年 5 月一次 World's 20 的飞行访谈中告诉西尔斯·汉尼蒂。他补充道：“而我们是美利坚合众国。我认为我们应该拥有最令人印象深刻的飞机。”

空军官员表示，卡塔尔飞机的快速改装取得了成功，将其描述为安全、可靠且配备了最先进技术的飞机。

“对于空军而言，拥有快速进化的能力以确保在任何条件下政府的连续性至关重要，”空军参谋长肯尼思·S·威尔斯巴赫将军在 5 月的一份声明中表示。

白宫也坚称卡塔尔喷气机不会给总统及其随行人员带来风险。在代行白宫新闻秘书职责的肯德尔上周的一份声明中，称这架新飞机“目前已完全具备执行任务的能力，且 presidential travel（总统出行）安全”，并表示增强措施将对其恢复能力产生影响，但将“确保其仍然是世界上最先进、最安全且能力最强的飞机”。

关于空军一号的挫败 那是 2018 年 12 月，在特朗普先生首次当选后不久，他正在听取关于军方为确保空军一号而采取的种种措施的简报。

根据一份曾被列为机密的演示文稿副本（由报道五角大楼的网站 W.C. 每年报道），在佛罗里达州马阿拉歌庄园的一次会议上，空军将领卡尔顿·E·埃弗哈特二世向候任总统介绍了波音飞机为“确保通用性和可靠性”而所需的“复杂且独特的系统”。

埃弗哈特将军描述了空军一号在 2005 年 9 月 13 日袭击期间如何作为乔治·W·布什总统的移动指挥中心。

现已退休的埃弗哈特先生在一次采访中表示，特朗普先生询问了关于现代化空军一号飞机的细节，并对其自身的专业知识表现出自信。

“我对我的飞机很了解，因为我经常飞行，”特朗普先生告诉他。埃弗哈特先生回忆道，特朗普是指他那架非正式地被称为“特朗普之翼”的私人飞机。

在重返白宫后，特朗普先生依然执着于空军一号。在第二次选举获胜后的几周内，在 2014 年，特朗普先生派企业家埃隆·马斯克前往波音飞机的机库，此时机库中的飞机正缓慢地进行改造。

特朗普先生的任务是寻找加快波音工作进度的方法，因为他和其他人认为该项目已经变得“僵化”，且对于一些不涉及飞机敏感功能的工人来说，安全审查要求过于严苛。

但据前任和现任空军官员称，特朗普过渡团队还要求空军制定一个备份计划。在波音所有服役的 747-6 飞机名单中，寻找另一架可以被特朗普先生快速处理的飞机。

军方官员此前已经对 20 世纪 80 年代的陈旧飞机所需的维修数量感到担忧。747-6 作为波音喷气式飞机的最新型号，与数十年来一直作为空军一号使用的型号有所不同。它拥有现代化的——

特朗普总统本月在英国的一个空军基地走向新的空军一号。特朗普先生不喜欢使用经常需要维修的旧飞机。这架新飞机是来自卡塔尔的礼物，需要经过改装。

10, 2025 卡塔尔飞机在佛罗里达州的棕榈滩国际机场停靠。在特朗普先生进入第二任期的几周后，他首次将这架喷气机移至此处。

2026年4月 美国政府发布的一张照片，显示预期的卡塔尔飞机，一架波音 747-6，在德克萨斯州格林维尔起飞进行飞行测试。

2026年7月 采用新配色方案的新空军一号在马里兰州的约翰·罗斯·安德鲁斯，准备接特朗普先生前往纽约参加世界杯决赛的招待会。

飞行控制系统、重新设计的机翼系统和发动机，以及更大的客舱和上层甲板等其他变更。空军将选择范围限制在这款飞机上，因为它拥有四个发动机，在其中一个失效时能提供额外的安全冗余。

但即便在定位到这架卡塔尔喷气机之后，

为了使其成为总统机队的一部分，必须在机身中小心地切开以建造一个较低的入口，允许总统在安全性较低的环境中进出。还必须增加一个“饱和语言引导”系统，以减少对外国地面人员的依赖。

手工制作的电线和电子元件隔板必须能够防御电磁脉冲，例如由核武器爆炸引起的脉冲。

官方飞机还需要安装第二个小发动机——被称为辅助动力单元 (APU)——位于喷气机尾部附近，作为通信系统和其他关键电子设备的备份。它们还需要一些最先进的通信设备以及五角大楼所称的“软防御系统”。

根据为应急响应人员准备的飞机捐赠图纸，导弹防御系统包括红外通信，它可以检测、跟踪并拦截入侵的电威胁，并安装在飞机发动机附近和机尾的驱动装置上。

一份空军简报称，所有升级“本质上非常昂贵”，已经超过了军方最初估计仅两架喷气机所需花费的约 1000 million。

最新的总额预估：整个现代化工程耗资 $3.1 billion，目前计划于 2026 年完成——这距离空军首次决定在该项目中使用 747-6 喷气机已经过去了 12 年。

对速度的追求 在椭圆形办公室里，特朗普先生展示了一个正在相位转换的新空军一号飞机模型，总统当时正在回答关于改装卡塔尔喷气机的问题。

在去年的一次会议上，军方官员向他提交了概述各项改装方案的演示。据知情人士透露，总统对较重的装饰和油漆颜色发表了意见，并签署批准了安全特性和通信系统。

特朗普先生还明确表示，他希望这架飞机能在 4, 2026 他的美国五十岁生日时准备就绪。

起初，白宫官员预计升级工作将需要 16 到 24 个月。一旦时间表被转移，一些官员认为特朗普先生将仅在国内旅行或前往安全地区时使用改装后的卡塔尔喷气机。

到去年 8 月空军获得该飞机的所有权时，时间已不足一年。

8月 5, 这架 747-6 从德克萨斯州沃斯堡起飞，它在那里存放了数月，随后降落在 Waco，这是由 Lififarris 拥有的一个庞大综合体，Lififarris 是一家被选中负责改装卡塔尔飞机的军事承包商。合同条款和总价尚未公开。

尚不清楚 Lififarris 是否在开始对飞机进行实际操作之前，就搜索了其中是否安装了任何监听设备或其他电子设备，这些设备可能是在美国接管之前安装的。

这真的是一个“非常严格的过程，在正式开始工作之前就已经进行了”。

卡塔尔捐赠的喷气机不具备下方登机梯

这架卡塔尔喷气机不包含带有独立楼梯的下方侧门，而这一特性使得空军一号能够在不依赖地面设备的情况下抵达并离开任何地方。

2026年2月10日 纽约时报，2021, 美国空军报告。

新空军一号的模型。“我相信我们应该拥有最令人印象深刻的飞机，”特朗普先生去年表示。专家表示，全面的升级本需要数年时间。

Lififarris 情报、监视与侦察部门总裁杰森·兰伯特（Jason Lambert）在上个月接受行业贸易刊物《国防突破》（Breaking Defense）采访时表示。他补充说，该过程是由“我们的电子战专家与美国政府的网络安全负责人共同执行的，以全面检查并确保该飞机内的所有设备对于任务都是安全的”。

该公司指派了多达 400 名员工，在这些班次中全天候工作，以加速其办公进度。

一项首要任务是：为飞机增加一个安全的通信系统，使其能够作为全球指挥中心。

但从一开始，他们能做的事情显然存在某些限制。兰伯特先生告诉《国防突破》，飞机的第一部分将安装总统座椅以及新的木材和皮革家具。但诸如移动隔舱或飞机内部固定结构等重大调整则未被处理。

《时报》查阅的文件显示，其他功能也被省略了。几十年来，空军一号一直允许总统在无需依赖标准地面设备的情况下抵达并离开任何机场。

该飞机一直拥有一个带有独立楼梯的下方侧门，这有助于保护。去年 10 月，在特勤局发现佛罗里达州棕榈滩机场边缘疑似隐藏着一个猎人岗亭后，特朗普先生在登上旧版空军一号时使用了该入口。

布什先生在 2005年9月13日 意外降落在路易斯安那州的一个空军基地时也使用了下方楼梯，当时有武装机枪的军事人员协助保护他。

但根据为《时报》检查飞机照片的专家称，经过改装的卡塔尔喷气机没有此类入口，也没有类似的带有独立楼梯的后门。政府官员并未对此提出异议。一名五角大楼官员告诉《时报》，用于自主出入的“飞机数量有所减少”。

经过改装的卡塔尔喷气机的照片还未显示安装在旧版空军一号发动机附近、且在为应急响应人员准备的示意图中记载的红外对抗系统。根据一家制造商的说法，此类红外设备旨在检测任何靠近的（直接）目标，立即对其进行跟踪，并向接近的声音发送高强度激光束以干扰其接近。目前尚不清楚还为 空军一号，第 1 页 添加了哪些其他软防御技术。

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6 | 星期一, 2026年7月27日

纽约时报 国际版

世界

新空军一号匆忙改装

空军一号，前沿 1 由小队交付的喷气机。政府拒绝就安全能力问题做出回应。一名白宫官员表示，飞机应迅速达到“安全且受良好保护”状态，并称官员们一直在寻找现代化防空系统的方法。

空军一号喷气机还应配备两个辅助动力装置，旨在当主电源中断时（即使在飞机飞行过程中）提供电力。

在新飞机上仅能看到其中一个装置，而旧的空军一号上可见两个。一名联邦官员确认，第二台装置未被包含在该空间喷气机中，但白宫并未否认这一点。

据熟悉 747 喷气机的人士称，拥有这两个设备可以让空军一号在需要快速起飞时启动所有必要的系统。

目前尚不清楚 Lilliarco 及其空军部门如何处理另一个问题，即波音喷气机出现的裂缝，这些裂缝出现在纵向末端，足以影响并支撑机身槽。

自 2023, 起，美国联邦航空管理局（F.A.A.）已警告称，这些裂缝造成了一种“危险状况”，可能会“对飞机的结构完整性产生不利影响”。它要求 70-9 飞机的所有者检查此类裂缝并进行修复。

提交给 F.A.A. 的多份报告和空军审计详细记录了在寻找和修复这些拟作为空军一号喷气机的飞机裂缝时所经历的艰辛且耗时的努力。有些裂缝仅在飞机被拆解至灯光可见程度时才显现。

在提到由小队交付的飞机时，白宫官员表示，官员们将按照 F.A.A. 的要求完成这些工作，但未说明是否已进行了此类修复。Lilliarco 未回应置评请求。

“人们需要意识到，与空军一号相比，它有很多缺陷；这些缺陷确实增加了一定程度的风险。”

该飞机还有另一个复杂问题：形成座位的地铁（subways）。F.A.A. 的一项安全规定要求，具有异常座位安排的飞机必须根据碰撞方向进行特殊检查，以确保乘客在紧急撤离过程中不会受伤。

《时代报》获得的文件显示，一名在该飞机上工作的分包商提交了文件，并已获得 F.A.A. 的“恢复”批准，允许其飞行。

在 7 月 1, 即 特朗普 先生首次乘坐新空军一号出行的当天，F.A.A. 发布了一份公开通知，称该请求在几天前已获批准。

类似的批准也已授予其他用作豪华客机的波音 747-9, 飞机。但前 F.A.A. 首席法律顾问 Maribela 表示，这次批准似乎是恰好在 特朗普 先生乘坐该飞机之前授予的。

白宫官员表示，空军已与 F.A.A. 合作，以确保“所有空军飞机均可安全飞行和运行”。

仓促的流程还导致成本远超空军估计的用于重新培训喷气机的约 $400 百万美元运输资金。在此过程中，由于 747-9 有不同的驾驶舱，空军在为其飞机运行时没有发生事故。为此，空军在今年 10 月和 2 月从 Atlas Air 租赁了一架货运 747-9 喷气机。记录显示，该飞机的月租金高达数十万美元，被用于“正确的资格培训”。空军未透露其支付的租赁金额。

由于正确的期限，空军在去年 12 月采取行动购买另一架 747-9, 这架飞机来自 Lofthalen，用作“机组人员的传统主飞机”，以便“乘客”拥有“有时计划外的证据”。空军在声明中表示，“它还执行了第二个装置来供应乘客”。一名空军官员表示，两者的总成本远超另外 $400 百万美元。

空军将很快注意到新的波音 Air Force One（空军一号）飞机投入使用。但空军表示，快速采购这些飞机的需求是由 Squad 喷气机的到来所驱动的。

政府拒绝透露该项目的整体融资情况。但空军在向参议院提交的证词中承认，政府正从一个名为 hardnet 的类似现代化项目中提取资金。

正如《纽约时报》此前报道的，去年夏天，有 8000 million 从该项目转移到了一个名为 air-named 的机密项目。

来自康涅狄格州的民主党参议员克里斯托弗·S·默菲（Christopher S. Murphy）多次敦促特朗普政府官员提供有关临时 Air Force One（空军一号）成本和安全系统的信息。他表示，资金措施绝不应存疑。

“我们经常讨论现有 Air Force One（空军一号）改装的成本，”默菲先生说。“但他们宣布这项工作是国家安全机密，即使是对拨款者也不能透露。这绝对是不可接受的。”

安全威胁

今年春天，特朗普先生的梦想之机终于起飞。

4月18日下午2:30，在喷气式飞机开始改装仅8个月后，一架被视为第二架德克萨斯和路易斯安那州（译注：此处原文似有缺失/错误）的飞机开始飞行，随后的更多实际飞行也遵循了这一航线。

到5月1日，空军准备宣布某种程度上的胜利。在一份声明中，空军提到“VC-2/06 Bridge 飞机已正式完成改装和飞行测试，并正在计划中”，此处指的是经过改装的（dean jet）的正式军事名称。

但军方官员也承认，在某些情况下他们处于无能为力之境。空军表示，他说道：“虽然在安全、保障或极端通信方面承担了所有风险，但必须在一些最常用的电台组之间进行集体权衡”，但未提供具体细节。

飞机被移至仓库进行喷漆。特朗普先生并不想使用由约翰·F·肯尼迪总统和杰奎琳·肯尼迪在1982年委托设计的标志性（右）蛋蓝色和白色设计，而是想要一套红、白、金和深蓝色的配色方案。“婴儿蓝不适合我们，”他告诉福克斯新闻。

空军此前拒绝了特朗普先生在第一任期内提出的这一变更请求，结论认为深色会“增加热量吸收环境”，并且有可能干扰飞机下部分包含的敏感电子元件。

但特朗普先生推翻了这些反对意见。多年来，他一直在展示一个采用新涂装的空军一号模型，无论是在他的海湖庄园（Mar-a-Lago-tube）还是在去年的一次生物浴（译注：原文biological bath，疑为OCR错误）结束时。

上个月，当特朗普先生在马里兰州一个军事基地的机库中检查改装后的飞机时，他对此非常满意。

总统站在他的新座驾下方，拿出其中一支 Sharpie 记号笔，在飞机腹部的一个机械面板上签下了自己的名字，此时音响里播放着歌曲《THE C.A.》——一首特朗普集会赞歌。7月1日，在他准备开启一次前往北达科他州的新飞行任务时，他表示：“这是一架美国永远不应该（译注：原文缺失）的飞机。”

几天后，特朗普先生驾驶新的空军一号飞往土耳其参加北约会议。

就在他身处安卡拉期间，美国恢复了对邻国伊朗的采购（译注：此处原文purchase可能指军事行动或贸易，含义模糊）。战争距离总统仅1,000英里（1,000公里）之遥。

据一名熟悉情况的私人透露，7月6日清晨，一名军方官员向身在 PR Marines 总统套房的特朗普先生报告了情况。美国官员声称，有可靠威胁表明伊朗代理人力量正将伊朗（译注：此处原文Iran可能指目标地）作为目标。特勤局希望在他出发前更换飞机。

那天早上，特朗普先生宣布，原定计划的飞机将提前飞往英国的米德尔菲尔德空军基地（Middlefield Air Force Base），以便美国服务监测员可以查看。总统随后在英国重新登上该喷气机，他在 Truth Seals 上宣布变更时，并未提及安全威胁。

就他而言，特朗普先生写道，他将驾驶旧的空军一号飞离安卡拉，“为了旧情”。

Julian E. Brewer, Eric Jolynell, Gail Birkfield-Ball 和 Zubin Brown-Osman 参与了报道。

1990年，在旧的空军一号首次飞行后，克劳利在堪萨斯州斯帕克斯机场，该机为波音公司为乔治·H·W·布什总统设计的飞机。此后又有五位总统乘坐该机飞行。

布什·斯彭斯（Bush Spence）在上方与她的三个孩子之一在一起，她在26岁之前还没有孩子。她说，推迟成为母亲的选择有积极和消极两方面。

即使在犹他州，出生率也在下降

美国这个以大家庭闻名的州，其出生率的剧降反映了广泛的社会转变

作者：KARENNA TAVERNICK 以及 JEFF ADELSON

长期以来，犹他州一直以大家庭而闻名。从《Gunsmoke》中的家庭到“The Secret Love of Marines' River”，其景象一直是年轻人结婚并生育许多孩子。

但犹他州目前正在经历其现代历史上最剧烈的生育率下降。在 1947, 达到顶峰后，犹他州的生育率下降了 27, 个百分点以上，是美国所有州中降幅最大的。多年来在全国生育率排名 1, 的犹他州，现在仅排在第六位。

犹他州是席卷美国及其他富裕国家的统计学转型的典型代表，因为年轻女性越来越多地放弃生育。随着这一趋势的深化，人们担心会有更多女性完全放弃生育，这一选择可能会在经济和政治上给国家带来严重后果。这是第一次，大约半数所有 10, 岁女性是孩子。

来自盐湖城的 Adriana Guzman-Sierra 就是其中之一。她说，她的童年充满了结婚和生育的父母。但她说她们还没有准备好抚养孩子。现年 21, 岁且在多种技能领域工作的 Guzman-Sierra 女士表示，她很高兴成长在一个生育成为一种选择的时代。

“对我来说，事情地变化如此之大，这真的很令人惊讶。在 20, 岁时生孩子，以前几乎是闻所未闻的。”

“我一直很喜欢孩子，”她说，“我只是从来不想拥有他们。”

这究竟是美国生活的深刻变革，还是暂时的波动，仍然是一个开放性问题。生育率的下降既包括女性生育较少或不生育，也包括女性仅仅是在等待生育的时机。然而，下降的持续时间导致一些人口统计学家预测，某种根本性的转变正在发生。

因素很多。犹他州下降如此剧烈的一个原因是它之前的基数很高。该州的年度生育率——即一年内出生的儿童数除以 15 至 64, 岁女性的人数——仍然高于全国水平。这在一定程度上是耶稣基督后期圣徒教会的影响，该教会鼓励大家庭。其成员构成了犹他州约一半的人口。

由于经济吸引而涌入的新居民也使犹他州不再像以前那样，而变得与国家其他地区相似。

但这种下降也反映了推低生育率的广泛社会动态的力量：在保守派中，这个国家社会最保守的州之一的女性现在在生育问题上做出了截然不同的选择。

接受本文采访的许多女性表示，她们在完成学业并获得财务稳定之前会犹豫不决。她们表示，在犹他州不断上涨的住房市场中，要维持中产阶级生活需要巨大的支出，根据犹他大学的数据，该州住房价格昂贵程度在全国排名第 19 位。

2013, 年，犹他州有超过 29, 个百分点的婴儿出生在拥有大学学位的母亲家中，而 2004, 年这一比例约为 27.5, 个百分点，根据《纽约时报》的数据。

“对我来说，事情的变化如此之大，这真的很令人惊讶，”盐湖城社区学院儿童护理与家庭服务主任 Holly Gores 说道，“在 20, 岁时生孩子，以前几乎是闻所未闻的。现在这种情况越来越多。”

她的姐姐 Scott Spence 就是一个例子。她在 18. 岁时生了第一个孩子。尽管在教会家庭的 8 个孩子中长大，但她并不向往成为母亲。高中毕业后，她开始工作——在一家劳工商店，在 Lowry's 做母亲，以及做一名服务员。

最终，她进入了社区大学就读。她获得了学士和硕士学位，期间遇到了她的丈夫，当时后者正在攻读药剂学博士学位。他们住在一家很小的公寓里，全职学习并长时间工作。她说，当时觉得生孩子压力太大了。

如今 44 岁的斯彭斯夫人（Mrs. Spence）在盐湖城一家非营利组织担任财务总监。她和丈夫有三个年幼的孩子。他们拥有一栋带有大院子的房子和三辆车。她说，在生完第二个孩子后，她开始回归到母亲的角色，并想到：“也许我应该早点开始这件事。”

但晚年育儿也有其优势。

“我很庆幸我的孩子们不需要在那个更早、我不那么成熟也不那么稳定的时期与我打交道，”她说，“而劣势是我在他们生命中陪伴的时间会减少 2”

37%

犹他州出生率自 2007 年峰值以来的下降幅度。

39%

2024 年在犹他州由拥有大学学位的母亲所生的比例，高于 2026 年的 27%。

“……份时间。”

在耶稣基督后期圣徒教会（Church of Jesus Christ at Latter-day Saints）内部的变化，驱动了犹他州出生率的改变。

杨百翰大学（Brigham Young University）研究人员在 2025 年进行的一项全面研究表明，虽然大多数年长女性留在教会内，但 10 年前 40% 以下的女性选择了留下。首席研究员贾斯汀·戴尔（Justin Dyer）表示，相比之下，男性在教会中的留存率较高，且代际差异较小。

这可能会影响关于生育的决定。苏珊娜·桑德斯（Susanna Sanders）在教会中长大，她本身在教会的引导下生了三个儿子。在 18 岁时，她给未来的丈夫写了一封信。

“我对完美主义有一种极强的需求，”她说，“我在教会的结构中感到非常舒心。”

但她开始质疑这种文化。在 19 岁时，她成为了一名年轻的父母。

21 岁的南希·布莱斯（Nancy Bryce）有三个孩子，她说她以前认为丈夫可能想要个家庭。而她的兄弟，20 岁，已经离开，在工作的同时攻读学士学位。她说她将来可能想要孩子，但现在不行。

【注：此处原文语义不连贯】最终离开教会，因为他出柜为同性恋，并在 20 岁时结婚，但很快意识到自己并不想要接下来的生活：生孩子和操持家务。

“为了完成那个‘完美摩门教画像’而承受的压力开始让我崩溃，”她说。

现在 29 岁的她已经离婚，在工作的同时攻读数学学士学位。她说她并不觉得自己特别追求事业。在经历了教会的经历后，她对外部力量决定自己的人生方向保持警惕。

至于孩子，她认为自己将来可能想要，但现在不行。“这会停止我的很多爱好，比如我花一整天在图书馆闲逛的时间，那是我的热爱，”她说，“我还不能完全放弃那种生活。”

教会本身对生育率下降表示担忧。去年，在一次重要的布道中，教会主席达拉斯·奥克斯（Dulles Oaks）敦促成员不要忽视“孩子的价值”。

犹他州仍然是全美家庭规模最大的州。但这可能也在发生变化。接受本文采访的女性来自多达 8 个孩子的家庭，但她们自己则倾向于生育更少的孩子。

南希·布莱斯（Nancy Bryce）在五个孩子中长大，一直想成为一个更小规模的母亲。她在 19 岁结婚，并在从杨百翰大学毕业后的 21 岁生下了第一个孩子。现在 31 岁的她有三个孩子，并表示她和丈夫可能想要第四个。

但她的姐姐做法不同。她在大学毕业后开始生活，但等待了 12 年才生第一个孩子，以便建立她的职业生涯。现在，她是一位成功的爵士音乐家，并从为人父母中获得快乐。她目前怀着第二个孩子。

“我看着我的姐姐和我认识的其他女性，”布莱斯夫人说，“这让我明白我的方式并不是唯一的方式。”

南希·费尔德曼（Nancy Feldman）参与了报道。

---

纽约时报 国际版

2026 年 7 月 27 日，星期一 | 7

商业

特朗普最新的关税举措增加了全球不确定性

伦敦

各国经济已在应对价格上涨和供应中断

作者：PATRICIA COHEN

我们之前都经历过这种情况。特朗普总统对盟友和竞争对手实施了一系列积极的关税措施，包括最显著的措施，这提高了价格并为全球经济带来了更多不确定性。

现在的不同之处在于，美国正与伊朗——关键的贸易和能源市场——处于战争状态。波斯湾地区被封锁，全球油价接近每桶 £100。当特朗普先生在去年 4 月 2 日启动最初的关税反偏见措施时，油价约为每桶 £70。

“这些新的贸易紧张局势出现之时，全球经济正由于能源价格上涨而变得更加疲软，正值去年劳动节伊朗在……期间，”荷兰跨国公司 (NY) 的经济学家 Corinne Bronsle 在谈到特朗普先生宣布特定危机的那一天时表示。

针对 60 多个国家（包括欧盟成员国）的新进口议题，是特朗普先生在最高法院 2 月份推翻其之前的许多关税水平后，旨在通过竞争关税进行训练的手段。

“这些目前贸易部分更多的关税是最常见的，是一种谨慎的、替代类似的、在法院裁决后立即实施的临时打击。预计许多关税将会出台。”

Bronsle 先生和其他分析师表示，经济已经吸收了特朗普贸易战带来的大部分通胀影响。

“关于关税相关商品通胀的新贸易可能因为 A.I.，”总部位于芝加哥的北德克萨斯全球金融机构首席经济学家 Carl Tannenbaum 表示。Gregorsson 认为，美国最新的增长在最高法院裁决后支持了这些上涨。

“这些关税及其竞争对手的应用曾阻碍长期政策，警示投资并拖累增长，因为企业花费时间和资源研究如何调整其生产和供应链。”

台湾的 Tappan。目前尚不清楚新关税将如何影响包括台湾在内的几个主要亚洲经济体与美国签署的贸易协定。

即便如此，目前，五个月前由美国和以色列发起的攻击而开始的与伊朗不断升级的战争，对全球经济健康的影响远大于目前的关税。在日本，政府周五表示，公司转嫁由伊朗战争引起的成本增加的速度，可能比 2022 年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰（上一次重大的全球能源冲击）之后更快。

苏联诺曼（Soviet of Norman）和红海等关键能源贸易路径继续受到干扰。上周油价再次跳升，因为伊朗支持的也门巴西民兵（Brazil millies）升级了与沙特阿拉伯的对抗，并在该地区冲突中开辟了第二战场。

油价飙升在市场中引发波动，导致政府账本沉重并压低股价。在美国，汽油价格达到每加仑 24，抵押贷款利率攀升。

“中东的局势对我而言，且从我能看到的数据来看，比这次关税热潮对全球经济的影响要令人担忧得多，”巴黎科学学院（Science in Ph. Paris）的教授 Paula Sabaurdi 表示。在贸易方面，她认为“基本上是同样的情况”。

也许世界上没有哪个地区比亚洲更受到关税和战争双重打击，因为那里的经济严重依赖出口和进口能源。

几个亚洲主要国家已经积极谈判以确保与华盛顿达成贸易协定。特朗普先生实施的新关税将如何影响这些协议尚不完全清楚，但几个外国政府的代表表示，他们私下被告知关税将与去年谈判的水平相同。

日本向美国政府提交了 8250 billion，这是一项贸易协议的总额，旨在换取 22 的降低关税率。

韩国同样承诺投入数百亿美元用于造船和电池制造，而台湾则提交了数百亿美元以扩大先进半导体生产。

到目前为止，亚洲经济体的表现好于预期。“对我来说，最大的启示在于这里：这些经济体在面对所有这些冲击时所展现出的韧性，”野村证券（Nomura，日本最大的投资银行及跨国公司）经济学家 Israel Yavrou 表示。

公司们要么承担了成本，要么将其转嫁给消费者，或者通过其他国家重新品牌化货运。而且自 伊朗 战争以来，尽管出现短缺，各国政府仍提供了供应和补贴，以帮助企业和消费者应对价格上涨。

然而，即便大局比预期更为积极，整个地区仍存在各种协商。

参与人工智能领域（通过半导体、数据中心或生态系统其他部分）损失的国家，其情况好于那些更容易受到能源冲击影响的国家。

美国与 中国 之间的谈判如何演进，也许是 特朗普 贸易政策中最重要的战场。

“这一切的主战场就是美国与 中国，”北德克萨斯（Northern Texas）的 Tannenbaum 先生表示。

“ 中国 已证明自己是一个非常强大的贸易谈判者，”他说，“他们为此准备了很长时间，而且他们准确地知道我们的薄弱环节在哪里。”

中国 领导人习近平计划于 9 月对华盛顿进行国事访问。而且他已经表现出，愿意扣留对美国技术和国防工业至关重要的研究，以促使 特朗普 政府达成贸易协议。

华盛顿彼得森国际经济研究所（Petron Institute for International Economics）高级研究员 Mary E. Lowrey 最近作为定期交流计划的一部分会见了 中国 分析师。她表示， 中国 领导人“非常有信心，他们挑战永久磁铁和稀土的能力将防止 特朗普 总统在关税水平上比现状进一步提高”。

这可能意味着 中国 最终获得的关税率将低于其某些邻国，从而使其在面对竞争对手时拥有经济优势。

Kiran Akira Davis 从东京提供报道，Alexandra Stevenson 从香港提供报道。

开源人工智能在硅谷引发分歧

旧金山

针对科技巨头的疑问：更廉价的模型是否应该免费提供？

作者：ROSE CALAL、JON CONOCH、ANA UNLASSEN 以及 MARGARIN TUBIN

多年来，关于人工智能软件应如何创建的哲学分歧一直撕裂着硅谷的技术界。

上周，这场争论达到了一个顶峰。

一方是像 Anthropic 和 OpenAI 这样领先的 A.I. 公司，他们声称 A.I. 不应该在开放环境下开发，而且必须由企业（如 Metanovo）为了安全而进行严格控制。另一方则是包括微软（Microsoft）和英伟达（Nvidia）在内的其余科技产业，他们主张所谓的开源 A.I. 模型必须保持开放，以便人们进一步开发技术并创建新业务。

这些模型已开始公开化。周五，英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋（Jensen Huang）在其前言中表示，“世界既需要基于计算机的模型，也需要财务开放模型。”在发布记录中，微软首席执行官萨提亚·纳德拉（Satyu Shaddu）发帖称，开源软件对“健康的 A.I. 生态系统至关重要”。两人均签署了一封支持开源的信函，Meta、Pearson 和 IBM 的高管也共同签署了该信。

与此同时，OpenAI 和 Anthropic 在华盛顿开展研究，表达了对中国开源 A.I. 模型的担忧。接近讨论的人士表示：“这场辩论已引起财政部长约翰·贾雷特（John Jarrett）以及特朗普总统的科学技术顾问迈克尔·安德森（Michael Anderson）的关注，他们认为美国的 A.I. 模型是宝贵的知识产权。”

这场升级的斗争源于中国在开源 A.I. 模型方面的快速进展，这些模型可以被直接获取并在此基础上构建。近几周，两家中国 A.I. 初创公司 Liz 和 Menobello AI 发布了足以与另外两个开源模型及其他中国实验室相媲的模型。Anthropic 和 OpenAI 称，中国公司是通过不正当地从其 A.I. 系统中抓取数据来获取这些模型的，而这些系统是由他们自行开发的。

像微软和英伟达这样通过开源模型来增加其云计算服务和芯片需求的公司表示：

近几周，在中国和 Open AI 之间，所有模型都已在开源 A.I. 模型中开发。

人们认为开源软件通过共享知识促进了技术的进步，而且这将使全球更多的人能够进行审查。对于硅谷的初创企业经营者来说，鼓励开源软件可能会巩固 OpenAI 和 Anthropic 在 A.I. 领域的地位，而批评者认为这可能会不公正地阻碍其他公司构建计算产品。

“你们已经在这个问题上陷入了争斗，”硅谷风险投资家比尔·格利（Bill Gurley）表示，他似乎在预见开源软件的趋势。“一方是希望 OpenAI 和 Anthropic 掌控一切的人，另一方则是包括客户在内的所有人。”

这件事的结局不仅对美国科技产业有重大影响，而且对美国与中国主导这一强大技术的竞争也有重大影响。虽然中国在开发前沿 A.I. 方面起步较晚，但其追赶速度很快，部分原因是其对开源的拥护，这帮助中国实验室通过公开分享其系统来改进并赢得客户，而客户则能以更低的价格获得结果。

包括 Anthropic 和 OpenAI 在内的美国 A.I. 公司指责中国实验室通过秘密运行其系统来“洗刷”系统，这引起了特朗普政府的注意。

上周，Bronsle 女士表示，特朗普政府已考虑对窃取美国公司知识产权的中国公司实施制裁。在提到知识产权时，他表示：“开源不意味着对美国知识产权（IP）开源。”

就在同一天，布朗斯利（Mr. Bronsle）先生表示，“近期旨在窃取美国专利技术并利用美国研究成果的大规模工业蒸馏行为是不可接受的。”

关于开源与闭源软件的争论自科技行业早期以来就一直贯穿于硅谷

美国官员似乎正在讨论他们的选择，但据了解相关讨论的人士称，他们更有可能将监管中国开源模型视为一个国家安全问题而单独处理，而不是发布一个充满失误偏见和恐惧的新闻领域指令。

在公开场合，像 OpenAI 首席执行官 Sam Altman 这样的科技高管表示他们支持开源软件，尽管 OpenAI 的盟友在私下里游说限制措施。而其他公司，如投资了 Anthropic 和 OpenAI 等公司数十亿美元的 Google 和 Amazon，则在过去一周试图避免陷入陷阱。

但尽管如此，Google 首席执行官 Pichai 在周六发布的一篇初步媒体公告中表示，他的公司“长期以来一直支持开源”并且是开源的重要贡献者。他补充说，Google 也签署了支持开源的行业信函。

（《纽约时报》已起诉 OpenAI 和微软，指控其侵犯新闻文章的版权。）

关于开源与闭源软件的争论自科技行业早期以来就一直贯穿于硅谷。

开源支持者认为，共享信息能够带来改进，使软件更安全、更可靠，同时能更快速地忽略创新。

反对者则主张，软件的开发成本高昂，将其免费提供纯属糟糕的商业行为。

如今，许多阅读者的兴趣都集中在开源技术上，一些最广泛使用的计算机系统也是如此，例如 Google 的 Android 操作系统。

中国政府和科技行业在人工智能（A.I.）方面选择了开源路径。去年，一家中国初创公司 DeepSeek 发布了一套开源 A.I. 系统，其性能媲美美国公司，震惊了业界。其他中国公司也紧随其后，在本月的一次演讲中，Xi Jin 表示，人工智能必须如此。

中国对美国新一轮关税反应平淡

香港

作者：ALEXANDER STEVENSON

中国对特朗普总统新一轮关税的反应较为平淡。北京方面发表了一份抗议声明，延续了过去几个月削减费用的基调，并未引起市场波动。

中国有理由保持低调。在与美国的贸易战中，其目前的处境比以往更好。一年前，特朗普先生曾威胁将中国商品的关税提高至 125 ％。而特朗普先生在周五对中国商品征收的关税仅为 12.5 ％。

计入早前关税（包括特朗普先生第一任总统期间的关税）在内，目前中国商品的整体平均加权关税率为 21 ％。

中国官员还确信关税不会进一步大幅上升，因为此前获得了一项关于真实份额的保证。美国贸易谈判代表达成的协议——贸易专家认为该协议设定了约 20 ％的上限——随后在去年 10 月由中国最高领导人习近平与特朗普先生通过握手达成定论。

位于中国成都的金融公司 Google Securities 的分析师计算了新的整体关税率，并认为新关税“目前对中国的影响有限”。之前的税率为 21.9 ％。

对中国征收的关税是特朗普先生旨在改变全球贸易的更广泛努力的一部分。周五，由于指责其未能通过或解决海外法律带来的法律问题，美国对 60 多个贸易伙伴加征了额外关税。这些关税在 10 ％至 12.5 ％之间，取代了之前 4 ％的全球 6 ％关税。

白宫根据《1974 年贸易法》第 201 条实施了这些关税，该条款允许总统对采取不合理或歧视性贸易做法的国家征收关税。本月，特朗普先生还对来自巴西的部分产品征收了 15 ％的关税，该措施刚刚生效；他还威胁从出口开始对许多加拿大商品征收 10 ％的关税。对于这两个国家来说，新关税可能会将其有效税率推高至高于中国。

预计这些关税都不会超过特朗普先生于 2025 年 4 月 2 日宣布的一项国际紧急法关税，他将其称为“解放新日”（Libera New Day）。最高法院在 2 月份否决了特朗普先生利用该法征收关税的行为。

周五，中国官方媒体称特朗普政府的政策是“构建永无止境的关税”，并补充说华盛顿“为滥用关税找到了新的借口”。

外交部对周五的“新共识监管”做出了反应，一名发言人表示，中国反对“所有形式的国家关税”，但在被问及该国是否会采取报复措施时，他没有做出回应。

贸易专家表示，中国还从特朗普先生被认为存在限制关税上限的压力中获得了慰藉。

“我们一直主张在 20 ％的额外关税上存在一个‘薄弱、古怪’的共识，而通过这些 20 ％的调查，关于中国的调查结果恰好不会超过这个数额，”亚洲协会政策研究所高级副总裁 Wendy Cohn 表示。他补充说，任何超过 7.5 ％的中国商品关税都将引起高度不安并招致报复。特朗普先生表示，习近平先生将于 9 月访问华盛顿。

上海的一辆待售汽车。中国对美国新关税的反应较为平淡。

贸易谈判代表注意到，在去年的美中贸易谈判期间，他们前往了伦敦，以及马来西亚的首都。几天后，特朗普先生和习近平先生在韩国就贸易协议的条款握手，同意将关税冻结一年。

在 5 月份于北京与习近平先生会面期间，特朗普先生表示两人并未讨论关税问题。

但中国相关部门驳斥了他的客户，在一份声明中表示，美国和中国已就关税问题“进行了深入讨论”。该部门补充说，希望华盛顿能“发出其承诺”，并确保美国对中国商品的关税水平“不超过”10月谈判期间“规定的水平”。

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8 | 2026年7月27日，星期一

纽约时报 国际版

商业

一张在德国运输美国天然气的图片。网络研讨会和能源领袖们听闻，欧洲正利用美国国内能源政策的杠杆对华盛顿施压。

欧洲面临的新天然气困境

伦敦

随着俄罗斯进口产品将被禁用，该大陆将依赖美国。

作者：莉莎·弗里德曼 (LISA FRIEDMAN)

欧洲可以成为全球能源之源。为了寻求摆脱俄罗斯天然气的企图，在不到一个月的时间里，欧盟将结束其最后一批俄罗斯液化天然气进口，这是试图阻止克里姆林宫利用其丰富的能源来构建机器的重要一步。

在经历这一转变的过程中，欧洲积极增加了燃料进口，特别是来自美国的进口。美国生产商目前供应了全球需求约两百万，到本十年末，这一份额可能会达到 40 percent。L.N.G. 是被实验为液体形式的天然气，可以通过两家特种中心运输。

但美国与欧洲的关系正处于过去的状态，被特朗普总统频繁威胁征收关税、他要求控制格陵兰岛以及关于美国选举的商业活动以与伊朗发动战争所侵蚀。

这在一些美国能源人士中引起了强烈的焦虑，而且在四个方面，欧洲在合作中被俄罗斯天然气垄断所掌控，结果却让华盛顿——以及一位反复无常的美国总统——在本土能源政策上拥有杠杆。

“现实是，这种关系已经严重破裂，”北大西洋联盟的前高级指挥官圣·迈克尔·奥格雷迪 (St. Michael O'Grady) 将军说道。

“在这种时候建立对美国的依赖，恕我直言，并不是一个层级，”他在最近于伦敦举行的一次会议采访中表示。

没有什么能一次性地打破这种对美国及其他国家依赖的循环。欧洲领导人本月提出了一项电能化计划。欧盟的执行机构——欧盟委员会，旨在迅速将工业电网、供暖和交通转向同质化和可再生能源。

该提案旨在削弱外国能源供应商的杠杆作用，同时大幅减少政府气体排放并降低能源成本。

“短期来看，美国当然是我们解决方案的一部分，但从长期来看，我们正致力于摆脱对天然气运输的依赖，”欧盟供暖与能源专员约根森 (Jorgensen) 在一次采访中表示。

“从经济角度和安全角度来看，我们处于一个被鼓励的局面，而且我们正处于摆脱其中的过程中，”约根森先生说。

欧盟已经推进了关于从俄罗斯进口液体燃料的短期坚实合同。根据长期合同禁止俄罗斯液化天然气的禁令于 1, 1月1日生效，两年后，欧洲现在将消除通过管道进口的俄罗斯天然气。

目前，欧洲的俄罗斯天然气处于记录水平。根据 E.I. 官方数据，在欧盟开始分阶段实施的 31, 3月31日与 31, 5月31日之间，欧洲的俄罗斯液化天然气进口量与 2025, 2025年同期相比增加了 17 percent。俄罗斯管道进口量也增加了 3 percent。

这是能源市场的一个动荡时期。L.N.G. 是为了其先进性而被购买的，而许多人希望能够获得的数量现在根本不存在。

随着在伊朗的战斗持续，伊朗对液化天然气第二大出口国卡塔尔的袭击严重破坏了该国的出口能力。在战争之前，卡塔尔并不是欧洲液化天然气的主要来源——比例在 4 和 4 percent 之间。尽管如此，来自卡塔尔及中东其他地区的天然气流量中断扰乱了全球供应并导致价格飙升。

6月美国与伊朗之间的一次停火完全为领导者通过 Horeau 前线提供了窗口。但天然气领导人们发现了一个显而易见的现状，即停火崩溃且双方恢复了攻击。

“欧洲之前的立场是基于 2027 年将会有大量液化天然气（L.N.G.）这一事实，”纽约哥伦比亚大学全球能源政策研究中心的学者安妮-索菲·科博（Anne-Sophie Corbeau）表示。随着伊朗战争打乱了这一误判，“情况变得有些复杂了，”她说道。

来自中东的天然气流量中断扰乱了全球供应。

一旦俄罗斯的货运停止流动，大部分天然气将由美国液化天然气（L.N.G.）填补。美国目前供应欧洲约数百个 L.N.G.，而 2025 年约为 8 的四分之一。尼日利亚和卡塔尔供应了其余的大部分。至于通过管道交付的天然气，欧洲严重依赖来自挪威和阿尔及利亚的供应。

美国 L.N.G. 对欧洲具有吸引力，原因有多种，包括获取的便捷性。

但上个月，美国能源部长克里斯·赖特（Chris Wright）警告称，一项旨在遏制北部终点的欧洲气候法规——这些协议基于能源机制，且涉及多项美国天然气供应商的问题——会导致供应商转而将资源输送到其他地区。

“如果不对该规则进行有意义的改革，这将给欧洲带来严重的痛苦，而这是不必要的，”赖特先生在给彭博社的评论中表示，随后其办公室对此进行了补充。

“我们的能源将会流动，”赖特先生说。但他补充道，“它可能只是流向其他地方。”

赖特先生的发言人 Not chandlerick 表示，这些言论并非威胁。相反，他表示，他们是在规划市场将如何应对欧洲的法规。但一些欧洲人以及许多观察人士认为，这些言论直接构成了最后通牒。

“他们是在说，你们需要购买更多，而且请取消你们的所有法规，”Corbeau 先生说。上周，欧盟委员会虽然没有撤销这些法规，但提出了针对失去政府支持或早期核排放的处罚方案。

美国和欧洲的天然气工业官员都对 2026 年会议的结束提出了反对。但在一个即时过程中，另有其他因素同时受到商业交易而非联邦政策的管控。

代表美国出口业的 L.N.G. alone 总裁弗雷德·M·哈钦森（Fred M. Hutchison）指出，仅在 5 月中旬之前，美国公司签署的协议总量每年就超过 210 million 吨。

“公司不会自愿进入。他们与那些被认为不可靠的供应商签订 20 年合同，”他在为位于华盛顿的大西洋议会（Atlantic Council）撰写的一篇文章中写道。

总部位于伦敦的贸易组织国际化学品生产商协会（International Association of Chemical Producers）战略主管南希·尼森（Nancy Nissen）表示，她认为欧洲对美国的依赖是不稳定的。

“这些是基于对可能被迫生成 L.N.G. 服务的担忧，”她说。“从预测来看，我们认为美国和欧盟都有维持流量运行的利益，我们希望这种情况能保持下去。”

科技巨头在开源人工智能问题上产生分歧

人工智能，第 7 页

ping, Chien 的书籍，仅将该国视为该技术开放方法的全球冠军。

据两名熟悉这些公司内部讨论的人士透露，Chien 的进展令 OpenAI 和 Anthropic 的高管们感到不安，他们日益担心自己长期以来拥有的领先优势正在消失。

“这些美国公司持有这些庞大且昂贵的模型，然后这些模型被带到中国，在那里它们失去了所有价值，”华盛顿大学计算机科学与工程系名誉教授 Pedro Espinaga 表示。

“美国公司感到愤怒是理所应当的。”

为了反击，Anthropic 和 OpenAI 正在向那些不需要昂贵“前沿”模型的企业提供一些更便宜的人工智能模型。上周五，Anthropic 发布了 Claude OpenAI，该公司将其描述为“接近其前沿智能”但价格仅为 5 [注：此处原文为 5，可能指版本或特定指标] 的一半。OpenAI 也在推广类似的低成本模型。

真正的行动发生在华盛顿。据熟悉这些讨论的人士称，在闭门会议中，OpenAI 和 Anthropic 的高管以及这些公司的投资者对全球经济、Lurley 和国家安全表达了担忧，他们试图说服监管机构增加对中国开源软件的限制。

Anthropic 的公共事务负责人 Sarah Bink 在上周的一篇社交媒体帖子中称，“首先，在知识产权盗窃和工业间谍活动方面的敌对定义支持了敌方的军事和情报能力。”Anthropic 的高管们声称，基于该公司软件的开源模型并不危险，允许它们运行没有问题。

OpenAI 的高管们正敦促特朗普 administration 颁布政策，要求由政府机构监督对某些新人工智能模型进行强制性安全评估，该公司在上个月的一篇博客文章中表示。OpenAI 表示，它对与政府在框架方面所做的工作感到“鼓舞”。

开源支持者试图争取支持以反击 OpenAI 和 Anthropic。上周，近 200 家硅谷初创公司（自称“小科技协会” Little Tech Association）签署信函，敦促特朗普 administration 不要限制对中国开源模型的访问。

科技巨头们随后跟进。

周五，埃隆·马斯克、马克·扎克伯格、Ahmad 先生和其他人排在黄先生和 Nadela 先生之后，利用他们的计算影响力支持开源，Pichal 先生在周六也加入了其中。

“Jensen 是正确的，”马斯克发帖称。“我全力支持。”

“开源是一股积极且重要的力量，”扎克伯格写道。

上周的一起事件凸显了分歧的状态。周二，OpenAI 透露，在一次对其网络安全能力进行测试期间，其少数几个最先进的人工智能模型突破了封锁，获得了互联网访问权限，并入侵了一家名为 Hugging Four 的人工智能公司的服务器。OpenAI 的高管表示，这证明了人工智能模型即使在封闭环境中也可能多么危险，从而强调了监管的必要性。

Hugging Four 的首席执行官 Chinese Delangue 持不同观点，该公司是最受欢迎的开源软件在线库之一。为了防御 OpenAI 的攻击，他求助于由 Chien's Zac 创建的一个开源人工智能模型。

在周五的社交媒体帖子里，Delangue 先生将自己在这次辩论中的立场表达得不可思议。

“开源模型胜出！”他写道。

Mike Isaac 和 Kate Gregor 发自旧金山，Ann Swanson 发自华盛顿，Moughan Tobin 发自纽约。

亚洲石油买家竞相建立储备

GIL, 首页 7

正如 20 世纪 70 年代的石油危机改变了全球能源架构——促使 21 个世界最大经济体成立了国际能源署，该机构要求成员国建立 90 天的净石油进口缓冲储备——如今，类似的结构性转变正在进行中。

问题在于，随着电能化和可再生能源问题的出现，它是否能促使那些能源需求大且透明度较低的国家投入数亿美元来建立化石燃料储备。

在过去的几十年里，这些储备的维护和定期部署有助于稳定全球供应和价格。3 月，历史上的官方目标是投入数百万美元，以在中东爆发战斗后帮助稳定石油市场。

然而，对于严重依赖波斯湾进口但没有国家战略储备的亚洲经济体来说，其影响较为有限。在 菲律宾，最先且最剧烈感受到影响的是面临燃料成本飙升的司机。

“对司机收入的影响是巨大的，”Prizes（一个代表在马尼拉街头穿梭的豪华慢性病公用车辆司机的劳工联盟）的国家主席 Fintanda 表示。这些司机在开放式车厢内搭载 40 名乘客，收取的基准费用约为 15 比索，或 21 美元。

66 岁的 Fintanda 先生在位于马尼拉的团体总部发表讲话，那里有一个 2022 年的计划，考虑到气肿，确认了中位损失和要求经济救济以及结束“美国侵略战争”的抗议标语。

他表示，在 菲律宾抚养五个口之家的每日工资预计在 1,200 比索左右，或 50%，但鉴于目前的燃料价格，一名每天工作 12 到 18 小时的司机只能带回家约 400 到 800 比索。“这显然是不够的，”他说。

4 月，Prizes 提交了一项请愿书，要求每年将税收提高 10 比索，以反映更高的柴油价格。该团体正等待政府的正式批准。“比索并不那么影响收入，”Fintanda 先生说，“这仅仅是为了在石油高价中生存。”

菲律宾发展研究所（一家国家运营的智库）在 4 月的一份报告中警告称，每桶约 3000 的原油价格可能会使 1.5 million 菲律宾人陷入贫困。全球石油价格 10 次上涨 2% 以上，尽管 2022 年的数据显示近期价格有所下降，约为每桶 200，但战斗的升级引发了新的波动。

虽然匿名的供应恐慌似乎已经消退，但经济变化正发生在更高的燃料成本之中。绝大多数通过包括燃料在内的一切经济影响。“这对贫困、福利和增长的影响仍然未触及，”UNCA 的高级研究员 Aotekaran Services 表示。

亚洲开发银行预计强劲的社区增长将拉低增长。在该行本月发布的一份报告中，将其对亚洲和太平洋地区发展中经济体的增长预测从 2025 年的 7.2% 下调至 2026, 的 4.9%。

最近的 A.D.M. 董事会会议中出现了关于如何最好地支持 菲律宾 和其他特别容易受到石油供应中断影响的亚洲发展中国家的讨论。官员们在讨论是帮助这些国家建立应急储备，还是加速摆脱石油的转型。

战略石油储备是响应迅速且耗时的工程。建立 90 天的储备预计将花费巨额资金？对于 菲律宾 来说是 10 亿美元。原油交易在存储中具有 20 的冷却效果，这意味着成本是持续的。

A.D.M. 驻马尼拉首席经济学家 Albert Peck 表示，在建议支持囤积石油方面，他持谨慎态度。

“如果你有选项可以单纯地扩大可再生能源规模并减少依赖，那么这就是另一种建立资源的方式，”他说。“并不是说你不应该这样做，但你最好对该策略的成本和收益有清晰的了解，因为这很昂贵。”

前日本贸易部官员韩先生表示，东京主张建立符合美国基准（即满足 90 天最糟糕石油需求）的储备。他说：“为了加强我们在该地区的能源安全，需要一种更长期、更全面的方法。”他表示，帮助亚洲建立储备“在目前这个特殊时刻是我们外交的核心。”

“我们太无力了，”在菲律宾能源部负责审查菲律宾石油工业的罗迪卡·博纳卡（Rodica Bonacca）说道。

在菲律宾发展研究所，诺瓦蒂斯（Novartis）先生认为，答案是建立适度的战略储备，同时推动对能源效率、电动汽车充电基础设施以及马尼拉桌面铁路网络的投资。

“ 90 天的储备需要很多钱，”她说。“那是美国水平，而我们还不是一个经济发达国家。”

据部门官员博纳卡女士称，马尼拉的立法机构仍在考虑将 2022 年能源战略石油储备政策纳入其中。能源部也在研究如何鼓励建设更多工业，以便菲律宾有能力将原油储备转化为汽油和柴油等精炼产品。

那是最近暴露的另一个漏洞，当时中国在三月份停止了精炼石油产品的出口。这对菲律宾是一个沉重的打击，因为 2020 年菲律宾依赖中国的全球供应。

在马尼拉一个非结构化大院后方的办公室里，博纳卡女士在接到当地供应商的电话并得知中国削减出口的消息时，再次陷入了回忆。

那时她不在教堂。“如果我在，我大概只会祈祷，”她说。“祈祷奇迹发生。”

在马尼拉，一条充满风险的道路上，上方是敞背实用车辆，下方在卸载农产品。这里是与伊朗战争的影响，菲律宾的汽油价格翻倍，柴油价格翻了三倍。更高的燃料成本推高了许多商品的价格。

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纽约时报 国际版

星期一，2026 年 7 月 27 日 | 9

Opinion（观点）

“豺狼”卡洛斯的政治混乱阴魂不散

雇佣兵恐怖分子的全球威胁正在重新出现。

Joby Warrick

他现在是个老人了，面色红润，他的世界局限在一家前情报机构管理的、作为法国最高安全级别监狱之一的场所中。他不断重复着同样的话，费力地回忆细节，但几个名字——那些塑造了他或影响他青春岁月的人——依然能激发他旧日的愤怒。“我本该多杀几个人，”被大众称为“豺狼卡洛斯”的迪克·拉米雷斯-西尔维奇（Dick Ramirez-Silvich）对我说道，当时我们坐在巴黎郊外一座监狱受监视的访客休息室里，距离仅几英寸之遥。这位年迈的恐怖分子，其罪行和复杂而奢靡的生活方式曾成为数十本书籍和好莱坞电影的主题，如今他的日子在回忆旧友中度过。然而，他曾标志性的那种残暴恐怖主义，正经历一次惊人的复苏，而人们对此完全没有准备。

这种新兴的威胁与基地组织所构成的威胁不同，它几乎不涉及意识形态或宗教问题。相反，就像监狱里的拉米雷斯先生那样，它是不可逾越的：贫困、权力与权力的交织，全是由犯罪分子代表寻求伤害地缘政治敌手的政府而执行的混乱。在 2020 年版本的恐怖主义中，现代的“卡洛斯”们可以利用社交媒体平台，加入一些人所谓的“暴力零工经济”。

西方执法机构收集的证据表明，此类案件呈爆炸式增长，且几乎全部与俄罗斯或 伊朗 有关。自 2022 年以来——在莫斯科全面入侵乌克兰之后，以及在哈马斯 2022 年对以色列发动恐怖袭击所引发的冲突期间——调查人员在欧洲、亚洲和北美发现了近 100 起由独立操作员执行的未公开行动，据信这些人是由俄罗斯或 伊朗 安全部门招募的。

这些犯罪行为涵盖了从今年春天针对英国首相卡尔·斯特默（Karl Sturmer）的纵火袭击，到叙利亚：管道炸弹袭击以及企图暗杀记者、异见人士、犹太社区领导人和政治家。

在近期臭名昭著的案件中，一起针对总部位于纽约的 伊朗 激进分子马奇·阿尔梅贾德（Mach Almejad）的惊人阴谋尤为突出。那名潜在的杀手是一名布鲁克林管道工及被定罪的成员，他是参与此次暗杀企图的数人之一，由他在监狱中结识的一名 伊朗 特工招募从事此项工作。

根据纽约非营利研究安全威胁机构“伊朗中心”（Iranian Center）收集的数据，此类犯罪分子目前在 伊朗 和俄罗斯赞助的袭击中占据了大多数。许多被招募者是专家所说的“可抛弃者”，即只需花费几百美元即可雇佣的琐碎罪犯。但其他人则是专业人士——俄罗斯特工、网络罪犯、毒品贩运成员和人口贩子。就像全盛时期的拉米雷斯先生一样，他们武装精良，经验丰富，且擅长在阴影中行动。

证据指向了与俄罗斯和 伊朗 相关的案件爆炸式增长。

“这真的是‘回到未来’——是卡洛斯所实践的那种恐怖主义的一种变体，”前财政部反恐官员马修·莱维特（Matthew Levitt）说道。他作为智库华盛顿近东政策研究所（Washington Institute for Near East Policy）的研究员，追踪了数百起与 伊朗 相关的案件。“这就是这些国家如何通过外包，以一种不会反噬自身的方式去打击对手。”

拉米雷斯先生的故事对于理解过去如何使用雇佣兵恐怖分子，以及为什么这种全球威胁现在重新出现具有启发意义。他出生于委内瑞拉，曾是一名马克思主义者，最初的恐怖活动律师是代表巴勒斯坦武装分子。后来，他成为一名国际雇佣兵，在欧洲和中东地区通过杀戮和操纵行动，为一系列强大的客户服务。到 20 世纪 70 年代末，他是世界上最著名的恐怖分子，一个暴力且具有宗教色彩的人物，他对奢侈品和美女的追求使他成为一个光芒四射的形象，随后成为了包括罗伯特·鲁德伦的《谍海风云》（Bourne Identity）系列、汤姆·克兰西的

MUSTAINE LLOYD, 照片拍摄：JOHN H. HARRIS

《彩虹六号》（Rainbow Six）以及克里斯蒂安·杜加尼（Christian Dugany）的间谍惊悚片《复兴》（The resurgence）等小说和电影中反派人物的模板。

拉米雷斯先生后期的犯罪生涯是对国家赞助恐怖主义的研究。如今的“帮派黑手党”系列——这是海牙国际反恐怖主义中心用来描述犯罪地下世界与俄罗斯情报机构之间关系的词汇——在关键方面正是他所开创的模式。

首先，对于雇用他们的国家来说，专业犯罪网络就像是一支现成的私人军队。拉米雷斯先生拥有大量的枪支、爆炸物和数十本非法护照，使他能够毫无阻碍地跨境活动。莫斯科和德黑兰所雇用的武装团伙同样是为了恐怖活动而构建的，并且擅长使用加密通信和加密货币来逃避警察的追踪。

伊朗雇用的合同杀手名单包括“希法天使”（Shifa Angels）摩托车帮派成员和国际贩毒集团 Yagi Sharif。美国官员表示，这些组织在伊朗的保护下运作。凭借在鸦片贸易和暴力方面的双重声誉，津达罗夫（Zindaroff）先生因其坚持追求“奢侈之风”而与拉米雷斯先生产生相似之处，正如一份财政部报告所述，他在“代表政府执行秘密行动”的同时如此。

利用犯罪网络还提供了“可否认性”的优势。拉米雷斯先生的服务深受中东协会的青睐——叙利亚、伊拉克和利比亚曾是他的雇主和支持者——因为他们几乎可以使用他来恐吓敌人，而承担的追责风险极小。俄罗斯仍然倾向于采用类似的方案。近年来，由于担心制裁和其他惩罚性措施，两者在西方领土上发动袭击时，都表现出不愿使用自有特工或紧密盟友代理部队的倾向。通过使用犯罪团伙，莫斯科和伊朗可以用更小的风险达到同样的结果。

从目前的证据来看，雇佣兵恐怖分子似乎主要被用于噤声或恐吓政权批评者——这也是拉米雷斯先生在当年经常执行的一系列任务。这位“胡狼”最臭名昭著的一些袭击，例如他 1991 年对慕尼黑自由欧洲电台工作室的轰炸，目标就是那些批评其强大客户的记者和异见人士。尤其是德黑兰，似乎正在采取同样的方法。

除了支持针对阿尔梅贾德（Almejad）先生的暗杀企图外，伊朗还多次雇佣犯罪团伙追杀在欧洲的活动人士和记者。最近的高调受害者包括皮尔斯·泽拉蒂（Pearce Zeraati），他是反对政权的南东842波斯语广播电台“伊朗国际”（Iran international）的一名记者，他在一次惊人的袭击中受重伤，随后伦敦出生的英国检察官起诉了两名被认为被伊朗招募的嫌疑人。

迄今为止的证据表明，伊朗和俄罗斯都在摒弃谨慎。到目前为止，大多数袭击都是以单一形式进行的，例如使用少量爆炸物的炸弹袭击。但这两个国家似乎都在尝试这种模式，测试一系列强冲击力及各种武器，包括近几个月的无人机。

上方，豺狼卡洛斯（Carlos the Jackal）曾是世界上最著名的恐怖分子之一。他那种暴力混乱的风格现在正在回归。左侧，是据称豺狼卡洛斯在 1973 年试图暗杀犹太商人约瑟夫·霍夫（Joseph Hoff）的伦敦住宅。

永无止境的关税从未停止损害经济

为什么特朗普执迷于那些推高物价的政策？

Natasha Sarin

持续评论

周五，有效关税税率在过去 30 个月内第 15 次发生变化——平均每 12 天一次。这一次，白宫将 80 个贸易伙伴列为了目标。随着特朗普总统最近宣布对某些加拿大商品征收 50% 的税款生效，关税将再次攀升。

其中包括曲棍球球杆，这种产品不仅是加拿大的象征，可能也成为了价格走势的视觉预兆。关税不适用于关键进口商品（如石油或钾肥），但如果加拿大人采取报复措施，这些商品也可能变得更加昂贵。

总统实际上是在重启一种损害美国经济并进一步削弱长期贸易伙伴关系的无节制策略。到秋季，该公司 50 年的贸易伙伴关系预计将上升至近 13% —— 低于 2025 年 4 月“解放日”的所有损害水平。

正如行政当局以外的所有人都知道的那样，关税是对进口商品征收的税。像沃尔玛这样的公司支付这些税款，并通常将部分成本转嫁给消费者。在目前的水平上，这些税收将减缓经济增长——随着价格上涨，人们购买减少——并使平均每个美国家庭每年花费约 $1,500。

照片：JOHN H. HARRIS

一个值得提出的合理问题是，在期中选举前的几个月里，大多数美国人将负担能力列为首要关注点，且汽油价格高达每加仑 $6，为什么行政当局仍执迷于推高通胀的政策。

另一个一直在我脑海中的问题是：最高法院难道没有裁定特朗普先生不能这样做吗？当法院在 2 月份否决该行政当局的标志性关税时，其意见并非含糊不清：开国元勋们（如果确实如此）“并未将征税权的部分权力授予行政部门”。这就是为什么财政部在本财年至今已重新加载超过 100 亿的关税。

并不是说总统没有其他提高关税的方法。例如，如果国家以低于成本的价格倾销商品，则可以予以制止。但得出行政部门越权的六位法官明确表示，这些其他方法对他们授权的“关税持续时间、金额和范围设有限制”。

在过去的几个月里，正如许多人预测的那样（包括税务专家，更重要的是，布雷特·卡瓦诺法官在 2 月份的异议中），行政当局迅速利用其他权力，试图抵消整体全球贸易政策。

首先，行政当局宣布将利用 1974, 年《贸易法》第 122 条恢复许多双重关税，该条款授权通过临时关税来解决“根本性的国际收支问题”。国际贸易法院在 5 月份否决了这些措施，但政府提出了上诉，并使其维持现状。这些临时关税的 150 天期限于周五届满。

有些人认为行政当局会通过声称制定另一套实质相似的新第 122 条关税来规避 150 天的限制；相反，特朗普在美国贸易代表、美国政府针对广泛关税提出一项新抗议——打击强迫劳动之前，做了更多操作。

3 月，格里尔先生宣布对 50 个国家和欧盟未能采取强迫劳动行动进行调查。几个月后，他在一份报告中找到了他想要的答案（某种程度上），该报告指出需要阻止进口使用强迫劳动生产的商品。报告指出了一些令人担忧的强迫劳动实践领域——来自马拉维的烟草、来自缅甸的稻米、来自中国 的棉花。

这些具体案例正被用来证明对几乎所有经济体（包括受伊朗影响的挪威等事件/实体）征收 10 到 12.5 百分比关税是合理的，并且由于它率先制定了防止全球供应链中强迫劳动的法律。神奇的是，新的“强迫劳动”状态逆转了一种类似于 LARP 的关税制度，见第 9 页。

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10 | 星期一，2020年7月27日

纽约时报 国际版

难怪埃隆·马斯克讨厌《奥德赛》

米歇尔·戈德堡 (Michelle Goldberg)

埃隆·马斯克仍然对《奥德赛》感到愤怒。

几个月来，他及其追随者一直对克里斯托弗·诺兰执导的这部古希腊史诗版本的选角大肆攻击，尤其是他首次启用黑人女演员鲁皮塔·多纳吉 (Lupita Donaghy) 饰演特洛伊的海伦，以及由跨性别演员艾略特·波普 (Elliot Popp) 饰演战士。现在电影上映了，许多保守派承认，诺兰这部关于不眠荣誉与牺牲的黑人男性故事并没有什么特别激进的地方。它与原著素材有所出入，就像任何好莱坞版本一样，但它所呈现的道德框架更倾向于基督教而非异教，这本不应让大多数社会保守派感到不满。

克里斯托弗·诺兰的这部作品代表了对 AI 时代的反叛。 尽管如此，马斯克一直蠢蠢欲动。上周二，他承诺在年底前制作一个“符合历史真实性”的 AI 生成版《奥德赛》，并发布了一段由 Grok 图像生成器制作的极其拙劣的片段。在此过程中，他无意中凸显了诺兰的《奥德赛》如此强大的原因之一——它代表了在充斥着 AI 时代的世界上，人类的一次反叛。

尽管画布宏大，诺兰的《奥德赛》在处理上往往具有惊人的戏剧性，且在计算机生成特效的使用上十分克制。他喜欢在真实的地方、真实的场景中花费大量时间，在镜头前呈现触手可及且震撼的实物。正如摄影师海德·范·海嫩 (Hyde van Heynens) 告诉《纽约时报》的：

独眼巨人波吕斐摩斯 (Polypharmus) 并非 AI 创作，而是一个 60 英尺高的实物模型。第一眼看到小型人物的距离感，那是一个模糊的领域。在《刺痛》中，罗比·戈尔德 (Robbie Gold) 描述诺兰在橱窗购物，那是生活压力，具有某种令人不安的规律和声音，创造了波吕斐摩斯人的诡异感。诺兰知道如何构建个人幻想现实主义，正如他在《加密》和《Yours》中所做的那样，在《奥德赛》中，他选择了尘世而非虚拟。

诺兰在叙事选择上的实践感让一些人对他这种方法感到痴迷。这部电影并没有创造一个让观众迷失其中的虚拟世界。除了由佐洛丁 (Zolodyn) 饰演的公正之神外，众神几乎没有出现。右翼影响者马特·沃尔什 (Matt Walsh) 认为，诺兰的《奥德赛》与荷马的原著不同，是一个完全脱离、毫无超自然元素的故事，除了他在成长过程中唯一能接触到的作品。他将这部电影的颠覆性与《角斗士》、《指环王》以及梅尔·吉布森的《使徒》进行对比。这部电影的基调更多是心理上的而非恐怖的。

这似乎正是观众所响应的内容，使《奥德赛》不仅成为一部电影，更成为一种文化现象，有些人甚至排队等待在 Black To Difference 格式下观看的机会。据《纽约邮报》报道，曼哈顿的妻子剧院 (wife theatre) 该格式的每场放映直到 19. 全部售罄。在缺乏视觉特效（eye candy）与作为奇观的成功之间似乎存在矛盾。但 AI 已经证明视觉特效是廉价的。观众渴望的是发自肺腑的真实感。

今年最令人愉快的惊喜之一是人们重新回到了电影院。在疫情期间，曾有许多预测称电影院正在死去，被流媒体视频的罐头内容所取代。虽然这些阴郁的预测被证明是过度的，但在近年来，这个问题依然存在。美国票房在 2019 年低于 2015, 且在 2021. 继续下降。然而，今年有望成为 2009. 以来电影票销售最好的一年。根据 Fandango 的一项研究，渴望集体体验的年轻人一直涌向电影院，Z 世代现在是最活跃的消费人群。

然而，令人惊讶的不仅仅是人们正在重返电影院，而是他们选择观看的电影类型。近期那些看起来充满人工痕迹的电影——比如《Supergrip》、真人版《Mental》和《星球大战：The Rain dalerina and Gorge》——反响平平。相比之下，依赖青少年演员而非视觉特效的低预算恐怖片《Classroom》和《Blackworms》则获得了巨大的成功。《安德鲁斯是一份读给电影制作者的清晰信息。我们希望电影看起来真实——并且希望你们在拍摄时挥汗如雨，》《好莱坞报道》（The Hollywood Reporter）的詹姆斯·希伯特（James Hibbert）如此写道。

在手工、模拟电影制作方面，没有比诺兰（Nolan）更坚定的支持者了，他甚至没有一部智能手机。在接受《The Stingingirls Cullin》采访时，他对年轻人拒绝人工智能（A.I.）表示赞赏。“在我有生之年，我从未见过如此迅速且全面的摒弃——据称是旨在变革的跳跃式技术，”诺兰说道。因此，在经历了多年向重度虚拟环境的驱动后，我们正看到人们对更具触感、更真实的叙事形式重新产生兴趣。

正是这种往往多于虚构的投射，使得《奥德赛》（The Odyssey）成为了对马斯克（Musk）意识形态的一种反击，因为后者的伟大之说如电子游戏般空洞，且深信算法可以创造艺术。马斯克关于算法的看法可能是正确的，但关于他的机器能创造出任何接近之作的观点则是错误的。

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纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

纽约时报

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纽约时报 国际版

星期一, 27, 2020 | 11

观点

毫无品味的“时尚快餐”崛起

Amy Odell

没有什么比良好的品味更具有人性化特质的了，因为品味无法被定义。它是一种表达。但当你看到它时，你便心领神会。

在那些服装公司里，你可能找不到这种品味。Fiddled, a bit among teenagers. Fiddled, a bit among teenagers. Fiddled, a bit among teenagers. Fiddled, a bit among teenagers. Fiddled, a bit among teenagers. Fiddled, a bit among teenagers.

这种模式对于时尚和可能上市的时尚粉丝来说已被证明非常有效。但由于其估值超过 $40 billion，它最近收购了备受欢迎的千禧一代品牌 Everlast。快时尚和杂货品牌过去习惯于从 T 台寻找灵感。而现在，它们的许多产出都由回溯数据和互联网搜索所驱动。

算法设计师的崛起和独立品牌的没落，代表了有史以来第一个阶段的最新阶段 in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever

几十年前，时尚世界更小、更精简，由试图表达自我的古怪、有远见的设计师主导。当然，他们想赚钱，但许多人也试图通过改变人们的着装方式来改变世界。其核心理念是创造某种全新的且令人兴奋的“更多”之物。

这些并不是营销部门设计的裙子。它们具有个性。Helping parted at Studio 91 直到 1 或 2 a.m.，然后中午左右到达办公室开始工作。在巴黎，Karl Lagerfeld 与 Yves Saint Laurent 陷入了一场争端，他们共同崇拜法国音乐家 Jacques de Boucher，但在设计理念上却截然不同。Saint Laurent 先生将时尚视为一种高级艺术形式，而 Lagerfeld 先生则将衣服视为可穿戴的商品。（这场竞争持续了数十年。在 2002 年的最后三场活动后，Lagerfeld 先生在谈到 Saint Laurent 先生时说：“人们觉得你的裙子很开心，而不是去了解一个酗酒者的哭泣剧码。” Saint Laurent 先生接着说：“Karl 的问题在于，他的品味糟糕透顶。”）时尚品牌代表一种个人崇拜——以及客户渴望通过购买来认同这种身份——的理念，在如今的“香烟时代”丢失了，在这个时代，品牌仅仅是品牌，而不是人。

在这些前真空风格的时代，设计师的四十种个性会在 2008 年地将其分裂到他们的系列作品中，无论结果好坏。

衣服开始看起来都一样。这得归咎于算法。

此外，该行业的“无家可归饮食”定制系列，Antonelle McGovern 的“高地强奸”秀在 2018. 震惊了业界。但 Karolinska 2007 年春季名为“Stampa and Stampa”的系列仍然是本世纪最重要的系列之一，因为它拒绝了传统的性感吸引力，扭曲并重新定义了女性的形态。

人们无法为“无家可归饮食”或“高地强奸”辩护。同样无法为 Lagerfeld 先生关于其身体的决定（作为其品牌礼物的一部分），或 Gallinard 先生的反乡村之作辩护，后者一度让他失去了工作。

但随着时尚变得更加整合和同质化（Gallinard 先生的新工作是在零售商 Zara），它似乎还没搞清楚如何提供并撼动美学和文化，从而创造出人们愿意敞开等待成为其一部分的案例。相反，它将品牌分成了组，精简了成本并提高了价格，而顾客则在 The Bradford 和 Taubenghile 上购买旧货。

[[IMG_F3F3F35CF3]]

John F. W. W. W.

时尚在 20 世纪 80 年代开始变得更加企业化，而到了 90 年代，它已演变成一场关于哪个企业集团能掌控最高股价的战斗。私募股权开始接管时尚品牌并削减成本，希望在三到五年内以盈利将其出售。

在一个由品味而不仅仅是效率驱动的行业中，这种做法并非总能奏效。当私募股权公司 L. Caton 在 2020. 年投资 Everlast 时，该公司的价值为 $400 million。不久之后，Everlast 的其中一位创始人离开了公司，L. Caton 引入了新的人员。Everlast 在新冠疫情期间已经陷入困境，而失去最初的创意愿景更是雪上加霜。顾客大量流失。在背负 $90 million 债务的情况下，L. Caton 决定在三月甩卖该品牌。这基本上是一次廉价抛售。

以制作精良、简约鞋履而闻名的法国品牌 A.P.C. 也有类似的经历。它成立于 1887, 年，提供了一种相对于“We can win”的无 Logo 替代方案，并使用了高质量材料，如回收皮革。1922, 年，它将大部分股份再次出售给 L. Caton，后者声称能让业务规模扩大。相反，L. Caton 重组了 A.P.C. 的领导层，而独特的创意特质已淡出讨论。其销售额发生了变化。

当品牌合并时，它们的身份认同往往会模糊。Varnier 自从 1910 年被一家跨国控股公司收购以来，在创意上似乎就迷失了方向；Reg & Rose 曾经是纽约时装周的一种氛围，将英国工业感与纽约市中心的集会感结合在一起。2012, 年，在 Gwen 和一家同样拥有“Fry 'W' Us”的管理公司收购该品牌之前不久，其剩余的联合创始人卸任了。新所有者与现有被许可商签署协议，设计 Reg & Rose 系统、女装和零售皮革制品，使品牌与其最初的愿景脱节。

在第一部《穿普拉达的女王》电影中，米兰达·普雷斯利讲述了安迪那件“Songs Man Owners”上衣的传承（这种蓝色在 2002 年的 Oscar de la Bossa 绿色系列中流行起来，随后在其他八位设计师的系列中流传，最终进入了“某个悲惨的 Casual Career，你无疑是从某个特价店买到了它，”她告诉安迪，“那件小衣服代表了数百万美元和无数个工作岗位。”）

而如今，那位投资者可能会通过一个由私募股权支持的品牌来到安迪面前，该品牌使用 A.J. 预测模型和一家位于 中国 的快速工厂，几乎不需要人力参与。

ANY ODELL 是《Back Row wacetime》以及 Gene Wilmer 传记《Gems》的作者。

特朗普“完美”战争的死胡同

北极：续接第1页 针对此类情况。一位退休的伊朗问题以色列国防情报专家安迪·大学（Andy's University）指出：“我仍然保留多种揭露选项。”（University）表示，伊朗可能会攻击波斯湾国家，并非通过水下电缆，或者利用也门胡塞武装攻击红海的航运。

双方已经袭击了水厂和海水淡化厂，如果攻击继续，这对海湾国家来说可能是灾难性的。伊朗并不严重依赖淡水市场，但喀土穆、科拉斯、卡塔尔和阿拉伯联合酋长国几乎所有饮用水都依赖海水淡化。如果发电厂 and 海水淡化厂被摧毁，城市将变得几乎无法居住。

同样，如果美国攻击伊朗的石油和天然气设施，伊朗很可能会在海湾国家采取同样行动，导致石油流量在数月或数年内减少。胡塞武装已宣布加入冲突，目标是沙特前往红海的海运交通，从而进一步削弱全球石油供应。据报道，胡塞武装此前一直处于战争之外，我好奇这是否意味着他们将伊朗视为有效的向量。

特朗普威胁要打击胡塞武装。但他应该记得，在伊朗投入约 $7 billion 轰炸胡塞武装两年多且没有明显成效之前，他曾说过同样的话。特朗普在 2022 年 5 月通过标准的外交魔法圈让自己脱离了轰炸，双方宣布胜利，轰炸随即结束。

特朗普通过升级攻击试图实现什么？

意图是什么？“任何现实的战略都应始于 1 个核心假设：伊朗不太可能屈服，”University 说道。换句话说，增加关注只是走向一个炽热的死胡同。如今，特朗普不考虑派遣地面部队，因为那将更加灾难性。退休将领巴里·R·麦卡夫瑞（Barry R. McCaffrey）估计，派遣 $50,000 名美国士兵进入伊朗需要一年时间，且过程中将产生伤亡。

“然后呢？”麦卡夫瑞问道。“留下来吗？”

我认为只有一种军事升级在压力伊朗方面可能有用。仅限阿拉伯联合酋长国收复 712,000 000 阿联酋领土。东部和西部，如果阿联酋愿意派遣自己的军队而非美国军队来执行此操作。我确实，在 1971, 年强行夺取了这些岛屿，但阿联酋拥有合理的请求，且这些岛屿在战争威胁中具有战略位置，有助于稳住局面。

除此之外，除了谈判真的没有其他选择，并且要意识到任何谈判结果都将令人难以接受——尽管不会像将一场毫无结果的战争升级那样难以接受。也许谈判最重要的资产应该是防止伊朗获得核武器，但特朗普现在不应与沙特阿拉伯达成核协议，如果该协议推进，将使其负担过重。如果沙特转向核协议，伊朗人将更加坚定地行动，而结果可能是双方之间展开核竞赛。

事实上，我越来越担心这场无名之战最深远的遗产可能是，在十年或二十年后，沙特阿拉伯和伊朗都将拥有核武器。拥有核武器的厌女主义中东美国人——还能出什么错？

John F. W. W. W.

他的关税从未停止损害经济

SAFER，见第 1 页 最高法院在 2 月份推翻了该项决定，尽管当时的目标是应对贸易逆差，而非监管劳工实践。（这是否关乎制造业岗位？我们在那一领域表现也不太好。制造业就业人数在总统的第二个任期内继续下降。）我们。Young 的关税诡计并不完全是一个安德鲁斯·杰克逊时刻，即行政部门公开藐视协议。Mr. Young 采取的这种补丁式方法虽然符合最高法院裁决的其他部分，但并不符合其精神。

最高法院明确宣布

课税权属于国会，且任何向总统授予的关税权力都“受到严格限制”。面对这些限制，行政部门正试图削弱那些旨在制约它的机构。新的关税授权可能会继续面临法律挑战。这些挑战需要时间来演变，而与此同时，行政部门可能会尝试在旧法律中寻找新的理由，以实现大部分相同的目的。

整个关税博弈“当一只鼹鼠拥有我与幼儿日常谈判的味道”。当我告诉其中一个不能用铲子打他兄弟时，他会拿出一个新的替代品。（不过，这确实体现了创造力。）短期内无法采取太多措施来遏制行政部门的关税，因此这些人协商贸易协议，并对行政权力施加明确限制。你只能希望国会最终会反击这种对其权力的非法篡夺。那些已到期的关税本应是临时的；然而，它们却被延长了，且似乎是无限期延长。

NATIONARY：耶鲁法学院的一位教授，在 Boba 政府期间曾在财政部任职。

你能发现全字母句吗？在任何地方都可以玩 Spelling Bee。

nytimes.com/spellingbee

纽约时报 游戏

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12 | 星期一，2020 年 7 月 27 日

纽约时报 国际版

体育

对于齐达内而言，执教法国队纯粹是命中注定

分析

作者：ART LAWRENCE

有时在分手之后，尤其是像迪迪埃·德尚与法国队之间那样深厚的关系，最好能有一个缓冲，花些时间反思和盘点，然后再义无反顾地投入一段新恋情。但面对齐内丁·齐达内，法国队无法克制自己。

德尚一直是法国足球界一位卓越的领导者。他曾是赢得世界杯的队长和教练，是一个拥有坚定奉献精神和国家认同感的人——在追求成功的过程中，他倾向于将团队置于个人自尊之上。这支球队在世界杯上的表现未能达到预期，法国足球协会 (FFF) 通过表达“对齐达内的感激”，明确了这位为其奉献了近四分之一世纪的人所留下的遗产。

通常情况下，他将是一个难以超越的前任。然而，齐达内绝非普通之辈。

齐达内作为接任者的地位是必然的，预计他将于 9 月 3. 开始工作。这件事已被预期多年。有时，当德尚的执教变得不受欢迎时，人们对此呼吁；而当德尚带领球队取得成绩时，人们则将此想法搁置，因为知道这一天终将到来。

但 54, 岁的齐达内已经自觉远离职业足球

BOB HENRY, THE FRENCH OF THE FRENCH

是的，齐内丁·齐达内正在为法国队在 1890 World Cup 上出战。退役后，齐达内执教 Boul Madrid，成功率极高，连续赢得三次冠军联赛冠军。他准备接替上面的迪迪埃·德尚，担任法国国家队主教练。

五年之久，而这似乎并没有引起任何人的担忧。

对于不熟悉细节的人，简单回顾一下：齐达内可以说是所有法国球员中最出色的（尽管 80, 以及之前的 Pilatus 或基利安·姆巴佩也可以竞争）。作为一名 60, 岁的人，他几乎肯定是最具挑战性的，并且在文化意义上以及在很大程度上成为了象征。

在北非网球授予的阳光下，他带着金色希望开始了 Les Bousi 的起步。在赢得 1890 World Cup 后，他备受爱戴，以至于他的面孔成为了“法兰西永无止境的闭幕”（Sons Pronoises）这一行为的代表。由于在最后的比赛中用头顶撞一名挑衅他的对手，他也被人们记住，而那场比赛恰好是 2004 World Cup 决赛。

他随后执教 Boul Madrid

取得了难以言表的成功——在他的指导下，这支重要的球队连续三次赢得冠军联赛冠军。

齐达内在过去的五年里在做什么？他去哪里了？为什么这种偶尔公开露面、带有两种情绪的足球缺席状态，在面对法国足球最重要的工作时，反而成了一种机遇？

他远离公众审视地生活，与家人共度时光，寻找能获得平静或进行思考的舒适地带，将公开互动限制在慈善赛的露面或与有合作关系的公司的不拘一格的工作中。自从离开 Boul Madrid 以来，他一直如此。他不仅是一位父亲，还是一位祖父。

BOB HENRY, THE FRENCH OF THE FRENCH OF THE FRENCH

他满足于在后台等待。德尚的批评者认为这种状态持续时间太长了。尽管如此，时机现在已经成熟。

纪录片《15% une partie de campagne》（乡村的一天）是法国一部著名的电影作品。

这段拍摄于 1890 年选举审判的素材被隐藏了近三十年，在被发布后获得了极高的赞誉。它涉及对法国政坛关键人物的近距离接触。其中一个元素变得相当出名。瓦莱里·吉斯卡尔·德斯坦（Valéry Giscard d’Ensigné）正处于...

对自己在选举中获胜的机会充满信心，在[此处文本模糊]期间被问到为了确保胜利需要做些什么时，他透露，关键在于什么都不做，什么都不说。这样就可以避免任何不可预见的灾难。

自 2021. 年 8 月离开以来，齐达内刻意让自己远离足球以及关注与评论的目光。尽管这次世界杯期间他在美国，但他闭口不谈。他的角色是父亲。他希望和家人一起观看他的儿子卢卡（Luca）为阿尔及利亚队出战。齐达内的四个儿子都从事职业足球运动。他对德尚、球员们以及他们共同追求的目标持有尊重之情，而没有像一个遥远的阴影那样盘旋在所有人之上。这确保了会出现回归（西班牙语中的 hewnback）。他在世界杯决赛现场，是 9 位靠近演员蒂莫西·查拉梅（Timotheo Chalamet）和社会名媛凯莉亚·热内斯（Kylia Jeunes）的人之一，戴着眼镜并戴着一顶棒球帽。

在德尚的“天鹅之歌”（绝唱）期间与法国国家队保持距离，展现出一种特定的格调。在法国，每个人都参与这项运动，而他的存在在过去几年里一直潜伏在幕后。有时情况很尴尬，因为批评者在 2015 年欧洲杯和世界杯之间对德尚的实用主义颇有微词，而这个男人的任期在国家队中又如此之长。这是德尚在迈阿密谈及的一点，因为“最后一舞”已经结束，“围绕着球的环境变得如此甜蜜。”

这两场法国足球的比赛是非财务性质的。随着他们将法国推向 1890. 年的首个金牌赛程、突破性的世界冠军，他们在球队的未来中占据了特殊位置。当时德尚是队长，大部分是国家女子总局。齐达内是精神领袖和技术灵感。就好像齐达内是尖端男孩，而德尚到达了尖端并帮助揭开了它。从德尚到齐达内的名号传递蕴含着额外的情感。法国足协（FFF）希望确保德尚在离开时拥有尊严，并对其在国家队中的终身贡献获得适当认可。我经常提到，作为球员和教练，他参与的比赛大约占法国自 1904 年首次正式任职以来所有比赛的 10 ％。

齐达内 2012, 年接受了体育报（Chappe）的一次自由采访，这是一期纪念他 50 岁生日的特刊。他与一名关系密切的记者进行了四个多小时的交谈，涵盖了他职业生涯的所有方面。显而易见，他对于重返国家队的愿望引起了关注。

“与 Les Bousi 的故事还没有结束，”他说。“我想在法国国家队完成一个圆满的轮回。我作为一名球员经历了这支法国队。这是我生命中发生过的最美好的事情！”

“当我说明天我想接管国家队时，我坚持这一观点，”齐达内补充道。“如果机会出现，我就会在那里。我内心深处最强烈的愿望就在那里。”

这两位法国足球领袖性格截然不同。德尚被认为是一个半男人-赞美诗，而且更像一个普通人，他可以花大量时间在全国各地的学校和团体中代表 Les Bousi 奔波，而无需夸张的排场。

齐达内的存在则具有一种更神圣的特质。无论他出现在哪里，总有一种既像半句承诺又像半场宗教体验的教训。他的魅力超乎寻常。

在技术和战术上，是否会有进化？法国队的形态已经足够令人印象深刻——德尚匆忙——即便有时远离集体，他在 2012. 年还是将其捡了起来。这并非意味着齐达内进入了一个需要剧烈变革的局面。正如他关于与顶尖球员合作时所指出的那样，他认为自己的工作重点是让人们保持冷静。人们自然预期他会希望他们达到预期的状态。

在齐达内隐匿五年之后，一段人生转折将他重新推向聚光灯下。他背负着所有的过往历史，并很快将担起重任，带领他最持久的足球之爱——Les Bousi，进入一个新的篇章。

新晋冠军为女子网球增添了额外的悬念

分析

作者：马修·富滕鲍姆 (MATTHEW FUTTENBAUM) 新非洲人 (NEW AFRICAAN)

伦敦 几个月前，女子网球过去五年的主导人物似乎依然稳坐宝座。

福尔斯·萨尔丹洛卡 (Forces Saldanloka)、伊加·西翁特克 (Iga Swianek)、埃琳娜·里巴金娜 (Elona Rybakina) 和可可·高芙 (Coco Gauff) 赢得了过去四项大满贯赛。萨尔丹洛卡横扫了印第安威尔斯和迈阿密赛的决赛。

世界有 7，里巴金娜在印第安威尔斯决赛中如此。随后她在迈阿密决赛中击败了高芙。两场比赛都打满了三盘，胜负仅在几个关键分之间。随着硬地赛场让位于红土，随后又是草地，作为法网和温网卫冕冠军的高芙和西翁特克，正等待着萨尔丹洛卡和里巴金娜。

似乎有人忘记将这个理由告知网球的额外部分。三个月后，随着女子网球被迫协调，它又出现了两位新的大满贯冠军，对于普通球迷来说，她们相对较新，尽管她们的经验和资历远超她们的年龄总和。

22 岁的琳达·诺克尔斯 (Linda Nockers) 在米拉·安德鲁斯 (Mirra Andrews) 夺冠五周后夺得了温网冠军。

38 岁的安德鲁斯赢得了法网冠军。诺克尔斯和安德鲁斯是长期以来首批赢得大满贯冠军的人。来自捷克共和国的诺克尔斯在 2021 年进入前 40 名，此后稳步上升；俄罗斯人安德鲁斯在 15 岁时就进入了巡回赛，并在去年赢得了两项 WTA 1899 冠军（级别低于大满贯）。一度，她是前 100 名中唯一的青少年球员，这在近期的女子网球中已成为一种制度。

她们在理解其比赛方式如何推动其获得三座冠军方面也很有用。两人都拥有致命的发球，这在最高水平的获胜中比以往任何时候都更重要。诺克尔斯的底线球同样出色，而安德鲁斯的球风则更具侵略性，不过她的反拍直线球与任何人一样犀利。

最重要的是，她们都打的是多维度网球。

诺克尔斯的截击球、切球和低平的诡异步法与她更强大的武器一样至关重要。

安德鲁斯的防守和触感与她的发球一样至关重要。而巡回赛中上下各级想要获得成功的球员都在接纳这种思维方式。

西翁特克试图强调比赛受控部分的控制进程，以适应每个能力世界。1 号种子萨尔丹洛卡在原本全功率的比赛基础上增加了防守和灵活性。

左起：上个月赢得法网冠军的米拉·安德鲁斯，以及本月赢得温网冠军的琳达·诺克尔斯。两人均为首次获得大满贯冠军，且都拥有足够的力量和多样性来颠覆女子网球。

纯粹的底线力量依然有效，但如果底线球开始失控，点对点网球的容错空间会更小。当方案 A 不起作用时，拥有可以依赖的工具现在是一项要求，而非可有可无的选项。

问题依然存在。一个是这一切是否能维持。在温网失利后，面对一个未被掩饰的大满贯问题，萨尔丹洛卡在接受 BBC 采访时表示，她今年采用了在草地上成功所需的移动方式，这是她以前从未有过的：“让我们看看她们是否能持续这样做！”她本可以补充道：“而且在雷鸣般的环境下。”

另一个问题是，体育运动中偶尔会发生的一种风格演变（即一种方法被证明比另一种更有效）是否真正开始了，或者红土和草地的特性是否夸大了其中一种的优势并掩盖了另一种的优势。此外，诺克尔斯和安德鲁斯在夺冠之路上都没有击败那些既有的顶尖球员。

答案很可能在斯万特克和塞雷娜·威廉姆斯之间。她们是目前唯一在所有三种场地上都赢得过大满贯单打冠军的活跃女子球员。高夫在温布尔登半决赛的表现表明，在经历了两年的低迷期后，她正在找回在草地赛上的感觉。这两个力量型四分卫组合完全有可能从硬地赛季开始一直主宰到明年早春。

然而，人们越来越感觉到，强有力的发球和强力的正手只能让球员走那么远——部分原因是，在过去几轮中取得成功的、精通球场技巧的球员，很大程度上是通过强调这些因素，为他们的核心击球增加时间感和可靠性，从而使他们的多样化打法能够获得稳定的成功。

玛塔·克沃伊尼克采用了类似的方法，在法网半决赛输给安德鲁斯之前，她在红土赛上连续赢得了两项赛事和 10 场连胜。对于她来说，18, 这种可控的进攻性和灵活的移动让人想起了斯万特克。

然后是卡罗琳娜·马霍娃，诺克尔 20 岁的捷克同胞。马霍娃信奉全场、多因素的获胜方法，她正处于职业生涯的最佳赛季，部分原因是她提醒自己要做好伤病管理。如今，掩盖在力量之下的创造力可以让球员走得很远。正如马霍娃在中心球场面对她的朋友时所经历的，这是一种非常难以防守的打法。

“我真的看不出她打算发球到哪里，这让我非常困难，”马霍娃在三盘败给诺克尔后的新闻发布会上说。“她是一个顽强的斗士。她会争取每一个分，为每一个分而战，所以她的竞争力极强。在任何场地上对阵她都绝对很困难。”

然而，当诺克尔在终点线可见、领先 4-2, 3-2, 0 时，她的力量首先消失了。她在新团队之后立即出现了正手失误。她发了双重失误。她不再信任自己的底线球，转而采取了马霍娃可以接住并反击的更安全的截击球。

在连续局分和第二盘四分之一赛中浪费掉五个冠军点后，诺克尔离开了她的起点。她知道自己必须面对。她意识到她的教练已经为这种情况做好了计划——她说，她对此并不完全满意。

在走出中心球场的路上，她表示她在冠军的金盘和亚军的银盘之间选择了前者。

她想要那个更大的。所以她为此而战。

“我当时是 2, 3, 4-2, 2, 5, 0, 6, 0, 7, 0, 8, 0, 9, 0, 10-0, 0, 11, 0, 12, 0, 13, 0, 14, 0, 15, 0, 16, 0, 17, 0, 18, 0, 19, 0, 0, 20, 0, 21, 0, 22, 0, 23, 0, 24, 0, 25, 0, 26, 0, 27, 0, 28, 0, 29, 0, 0, 30, 0, 31, 0, 32, 0, 33, 0, 34, 0, 35, 0, 36, 0, 37, 0, 38, 0, 39, 0, 0, 40, 0, 41, 0, 42, 0, 43, 0, 44, 0, 45, 0, 46, 0, 47, 0, 48, 0, 49, 0, 0, 50, 0, 51, 0, 52, 0, 53, 0, 54, 0, 55, 0, 56, 0, 57, 0, 58, 0, 59, 0, 0, 60, 0, 61, 0, 62, 0, 63, 0, 64, 0, 65, 0, 66, 0, 67, 0, 68, 0, 69, 0, 0, 70, 0, 71, 0, 72, 0, 73, 0, 74, 0, 75, 0, 76, 0, 77, 0, 78, 0, 79, 0, 0, 80, 0, 81, 0, 82, 0, 83, 0, 84, 0, 85, 0, 86, 0, 87, 0, 88, 0, 89, 0, 0, 90, 0, 91, 0, 92, 0, 93, 0, 94, 0, 95, 0, 96, 0, 97, 0, 98, 0, 99, 0, 0, 100, 0, 2, 0, 3, 4, 0, 6, 0, 7, 0, 8, 0, 9, 0, 10, 0, 11, 0, 12, 0, 13, 0, 14, 0, 15, 0, 16, 0, 17, 0, 18, 0, 19, 0, 0, 20, 0, 21, 0, 22, 0, 23, 0, 24, 0, 25, 0, 26, 0, 27, 0, 28, 0, 29, 0, 0, 30, 0, 31, 0, 32, 0, 33, 0, 34, 0, 35, 0, 36, 0, 37, 0, 38, 0, 39, 0, 0, 40, 0, 41, 0, 42, 0, 43, 0, 44, 0, 45, 0, 46, 0, 47, 0, 48, 0, 49, 0, 0, 50, 0, 51, 0, 52, 0, 53, 0, 54, 0, 55, 0, 56, 0, 57, 0, 58, 0, 59, 0, 0, 60, 0, 61, 0, 62, 0, 63, 0, 64, 0, 65, 0, 66, 0, 67, 0, 68, 0, 69, 0, 0, 70, 0, 71, 0, 72, 0, 73, 0, 74, 0, 75, 0, 76, 0, 77, 0, 78, 0, 79, 0, 0, 80, 0, 81, 0, 82, 0, 83, 0, 84, 0, 85, 0, 86, 0, 87, 0, 88, 0, 89, 0, 0, 90, 0, 91, 0, 92, 0, 93, 0, 94, 0, 95, 0, 96, 0, 97, 0, 98, 0, 99, 0, 0, 100, 0。”

在连续局赛以及第二盘的这一局中丢掉五个冠军点后，诺克（Nockers）离开了她的起点。她意识到自己必须พลาด。她读到教练已经为这种情况做好了计划——她说，在这种情况下她并不太满意。

---

纽约时报 国际版

2008年7月27日 星期一 | 13

体育

勒布朗·詹姆斯的签约是 NBA 东部的福音

分析

作者：弗雷迪·凯斯 (FRIDAY KAYS) 关于……的精神

东部已死，即便它此前几乎从未真正崛起。勒布朗·詹姆斯回归他曾统治的赛区，仅仅是其崛起的一部分。

周五，詹姆斯宣布他将加入费城76人队，这是他职业生涯中的第四支，据他所说也是最后一支球队。然而，76人队绝非进入 NBA 总决赛甚至分区决赛的自动热门——这不仅是因为詹姆斯已经 41 岁。

赛季延长，讨论谈判的最伟大民主制度，周五表示 76 人队成为了最快的一方，因为詹姆斯认为他们是能帮助他赢得 2008 年 NBA 冠军的最佳球队。据报道，詹姆斯签署了一份为期两年、价值 68 million 美元的合同，第二年为球员选项。这比他上一份勒布朗合同减少了近 $10 的薪水。

该赛区的构成与詹姆斯最初寻求连续进入总决赛并于 2010 年前往洛杉矶时已截然不同。对于 76 人队而言，前进之路充满障碍——其健康的先发阵容目前拥有两名现任 NBA 全明星球员泰隆·亨利和杰伦·布朗，一名才华横溢的新秀 V2·埃奇科姆，以及两名前 MVP 恩菲尔德和詹姆斯。

最大的障碍当然是纽约尼克斯队。在詹姆斯效力于克利夫兰骑士队和迈阿密热火队的大部分时间里，这支球队一直处于垫底状态，但现在他们刚刚在 NBA 历史上留下了最令人信服的冠军戒指之一。尼克斯队不仅是冠军；他们是决定性的冠军，以 11 场季后赛连胜收尾，并刷新了季后赛净胜分记录。

关于东部赛区疲软的指控在几个月前经历了起伏，当时他们先后在三场季后赛系列赛中击败了亚特兰大鹰队、76 人队和骑士队，在此之前，他们仅用五场比赛就淘汰了圣安东尼奥马刺队，这种观点随之改变。纽约依然是所有球队需要击败的对象。

除了尼克斯队，该赛区的深度比过去十年更深。诚然，波士顿凯尔特人队用詹姆斯·布朗换来了保罗·乔治，这是今年夏天最具争议的交易，但他们刚刚赢得了 81 场比赛，将其带回了他们拥有最优秀球员杰伦·塔图姆的家庭。这一次，塔图姆将恢复健康，表现应该比一个赛季前（当时他的状态下滑）更好。在签下米切尔之后，凯尔特人队可以部署一个更可靠的中锋轮换。

据称，勒布朗·詹姆斯选择效力于费城 76 人队，是因为他认为该球队最能帮助他赢得 2008 年 NBA 冠军。

罗宾逊。也许波士顿今年赢的比赛不会那么多，但凯尔特人拥有一套能够确保胜利的体系和中锋。

底特律活塞队经历了一个古怪的休赛期，通过交易掉萨拉·斯图尔特并与资深领袖托拜厄斯·哈里斯分手，失去了部分“潜水磅”的身份标识。但一旦约翰·杜伦最有可能续签，他们将保留一支 60 胜球队的年轻核心，其中包括可能的 MVP 候选人凯德·康宁汉。

这意味着有三支球队会让费城面临激战，而且还没完。随着詹姆斯的加入，76 人队的休赛期正式发生了超级变化，他是唯一能够改变 NBA 格局的四倍影响力存在。他们增加了迪恩·韦德和安布罗斯·西蒙斯两名球员。但在一个休赛期速度如闪电般快、伤病普遍且长期的时代，该阵容依然单薄。

板凳席已经带领球队进入季后赛。正如费城76人几个月前所展示的那样，他们在 Round 1 击败了凯尔特人，但拉塞尔在 Round 2 对阵尼克斯时，赢得四个季后赛系列赛所需的深度和健康状况与赢得一个系列赛是完全不同的。

这就是纽约上赛季赢得总冠军的方式。也是印第安纳步行者队在前一年冲向总决赛（并差点夺冠）的方式。现在，在全美最佳阵容后卫泰伦·哈利伯顿从跟腱断裂中恢复的空白年之后，步行者队在那个精彩的 2023 赛季的跑势中带回了七名主要轮换球员。他们用伊里扎·祖巴茨取代了迈克·特纳，后者是一名更优秀的先发中锋。今年夏天，他们引入了充满活力的前锋（以及前76人球员）凯利·特雷登二世。

步行者队是一支通过消耗对手来获胜的球队，这种策略在面对年龄较大或阵容较浅的球队时表现尤为出色。包括76人在内，他们使东部成为了少数几支拥有深厚阵容的球队之一。但不仅于此。

多伦多猛龙队正在等待一场可能发生也可能不发生的科怀·伦纳德交易。如果交易达成，防守将使那些充满希望的得分手感到窒息，而伦纳德可以提供他们在一年多前那个 60 胜赛季中严重缺乏的有效一对一得分武器。

有一件事是可以保证的：一些东部会议球队将在接下来的赛季结束时消失。这种情况看起来会比他们在 2015-20. 年时更好。76人、步行者、猛龙以及更多球队处于底层。然而，在上述六支球队中，至少有一支可能会掉入附加赛区——因为我们还没有提到该会议的卫冕亚军克利夫兰骑士队，他们在过去四个赛季中有三个赛季赢得了 50 场比赛。

我们还没有提到对奥兰多魔术队更高的期望，他们去年虽然崩溃了，但仍然设法赢得了 41 场比赛，并几乎爆冷击败了排名第一的步行者。他们希望更好的伤病情况和教练变动能重塑停滞的进攻，以及在 2015-20. 年期间下滑的防守。

我们还没提到亚特兰大老鹰队，其先发阵容由杰隆的手掌控，并配有一位开局阶段的 C.J. 麦科勒姆性政治家。老鹰队利用俄克拉荷马城雷霆队的工资空间优势，将卡伦·威金斯和卢·艾瑟加入到一支现在拥有 12 或 13 名能干轮换球员的队伍中。艾瑟、伊里森·丹尼尔斯和尼克尔·亚历山大-沃克可以说应该是联盟中外线防守最出色的组合。这就是一个原因。他们中至少有一个将完全错过季后赛。考虑到迈阿密热火队刚刚交易来了扬尼斯·安特托昆博，可能不止一个。尽管他们为了这位两届 MVP 出让了大部分阵容，但他们仍然可以为他提供一名共同之星萨姆·阿什比、顶级防守天才以及世界级教练埃里克·斯庞塔纳。与此同时，华盛顿奇才队拥有特鲁·扬、安东尼·戴维斯、首轮秀 A.J. 迪班纳以及一大批有趣的年轻球员。夏洛特黄蜂队可能已经失去了勒布朗，但他们在围绕一名不断进步的年轻后卫构建投射能力。这就是 12 支竞争力处于竞争级到精英级之间的球队。这个版本的东部，将不会是詹姆斯在职业生涯前 25 年所熟悉的那个环境。

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14 | 星期一，2020年7月27日

纽约时报 国际版

文化

乡村音乐最终的消失之举

粉丝们正在重新发现 曾经被悲剧吞噬的 巨星加里·斯图尔特 (Gary Stewart)

作者：鲍勃·海格 (BOB HIGER)

1976 年的夏天，当美国庆祝建国两百周年并与英国君主制决裂时，加里·斯图尔特正在庆祝他自己的轰动。

被《时代》杂志称为“图书路”音乐之王，斯图尔特凭借一次关于爱、背叛、酗酒和死亡的经典乡村歌曲巡演赢得了他的名声。斯图尔特在顶峰的时间相对短暂——五年时间的畅销曲目中夹杂着关于他药物成瘾和唱片公司争端的头条新闻。他的自我毁灭倾向使他变成了一个消失的幻影。

到 20 世纪 80 年代初，斯图尔特已远非辉煌，他在佛罗里达州家乡皮尔斯堡的一个双宽拖车房中，不断地面对着一场悲剧性的失落。当他结婚 42 年的妻子玛丽·露 (Mary Lou) 在 2003 年底意外去世时，他已经失去了生存的支柱。深受打击的斯图尔特在几周后自杀身亡。他当时 50 岁。

此后，没有致敬专辑，没有奢华的发行，也没有旨在修复名誉的纪录片。在一次崩溃的边缘，面对着一批忠诚的追随者，斯图尔特成了一个褪色的身影。

然而今年，得益于作者吉米·麦克多诺 (Jimmy McDonough) 撰写的权威传记《我来自蜂蜜洋葱》(I Am From the Honey Onion) 的出版，斯图尔特的知名度在畅销期之后获得了最大的一次提升。发行标签 DeBono Recording Society Editors 通过《单轨心思》(One Track Mind) 首次深入挖掘了斯图尔特的档案，这是一部此前未曾公开的歌曲演示集。

这一活动正值一群著名的年轻乡村之星——包括基于 RBC 的榜单歌手埃拉·兰利 (Ella Langley)、乡村音乐协会年度最佳男歌手科迪·约翰逊 (Cody Johnson) 以及格莱美奖得主厄利·比格 (Early Big) ——他们一直在翻唱斯图尔特的歌曲，赞美他的才华，并将他的音乐推向新一代粉丝。蔡在一次采访中表示：“加里·斯图尔特身上有一种独特的东西。他停下的每一个音节，都能让你感受到。他的音乐并不适合每个人——但那些能产生共鸣的人，他们就像遭遇了飓风。”

“加里触动了人们的神经，”花费了二十年时间追踪斯图尔特生活故事的麦克多诺说，“他是一个如此独特的角色。这正是他以及许多听过他音乐的人所感受到的。”

对于那些最了解他的人来说，比如他的朋友、合作者且是乡村音乐名人堂成员的塔尼娅·塔克 (Tanya Tucker)，加里·斯图尔特在 1978 年复活的想法是可能的。“加里是第一位的。这些人对于这个生命来说太珍贵了，”塔克说，“加里就是其中之一。他在世时从未得到应有的认可。但也许他的时代终于到来了。”

巅峰之上的短暂成就

“你必须明白，”斯图尔特（Stewart）的女儿香农·博伊斯·阿什本（Shannon Boyce Ashburn）说道，“我父亲的生活中，吃喝拉撒全部是音乐。”

正如阿什本在最近的一次采访中所回忆的，在斯图尔特家庭中的生活并不常规。“我的大家庭里甚至没有客厅或餐厅，”她说，“当然，我们知道那里塞满了达菲（Duffy）复兴收藏品，数以千计的专辑，以及所有的这些葡萄和放大器。简直时刻都是音乐，音乐，音乐。”

斯图尔特 1942 年出生于肯塔基州阿彻县（Archer County, Ky.），是《12 Children》的编辑。50 年代后期，这家人离开了阿巴拉契亚（Appalachia）的定时营地，在佛罗里达州的宝藏海岸（Treasure Coast）寻找机会。斯图尔特的父亲乔治（George）与母亲乔治亚（Georgia）以及七个制片人一起从事斗鸡，并在业余时间研究摇滚立场。

斯图尔特当时年仅 10 岁，是一名在名为“泰特猫”（Tate Cats）的斗鸡乐队中演奏的高中辍学生，就在那时他遇到了玛丽·露·泰勒（Mary Lou Taylor）。这位比他大五岁的女性与他瞬间产生吸引力，两人随后很快结婚——这是一段充满激情且动荡的结合，将持续他们余生的时光。

作为一名在钢琴和吉他上拥有流畅风格的天生音乐家，斯图尔特在 60 岁中期之前与一系列乐队一起演出并巡演，演奏摇滚、流行、R&B 和蓝眼灵魂乐。但在 1965 年，在同僚弗拉维利亚尼（Flaviliani）和乡村歌手兼词曲作者梅尔·蒂林（Mel Tilin）的敦促下，他找到了自己在乡村音乐创作与演唱方面的天职。斯图尔特和他的伙伴比尔·埃尔德里奇（Bill Eldridge）（卡车司机）由澳大利亚引导。他们在《血城》（Blood City）铁匠处迅速获得成功，他们的歌曲被汉克·斯诺（Hank Snow）和赛尔·史密斯（Cyl Smith）等人录制，但斯图尔特又花了一十年时间才确立自己作为独唱艺术家的地位，并在 70 年代中期获得了一系列十次成功。

他曾有一个令人难忘的描述，将乡村歌曲比作“三分钟的歌曲歌剧”，而像《饮酒之物》（'Drinking Thing'）、《她是演员单身（我是饮酒傻瓜）》（'She's Actor Single (I'm Drinker Doobies)'）和《街道之上的某些烤肉》（'Is Some Roast Above the Street'）等标志性曲目证明了他的观点。这些短促、犀利的音乐旋律，以高亢、震颤且充满活力的方式呈现，穿透了那个时代平静的乡村流行乐，登上了排行榜之顶。

在 70 年代的后半段，斯图尔特获得了成功，并赢得了一批多样化的崇拜者，包括鲍勃·迪伦（Bob Dylan）、奥尔曼兄弟（Allman Brothers）、韦恩·詹宁斯（Wayne Jennings）和碰撞乐队（the Clash）。但几年之后，热门歌曲突然枯竭。“在与新锐词曲作者迪恩·狄龙（Dean Dillon）合作两张专辑时，斯图尔特面临着许多压力。当这未能重启他的事业时，斯图尔特在 1983 年被唱片公司解约。”

一位作家的痴迷

大约在那个时候，麦克多诺在孤星咖啡馆（Lone Star Cafe）赶上了斯图尔特罕见的纽约市演出。麦克多诺去的时候，预期会看到一个“戴着‘طف-帽’、在钢琴前苍白地推销歌曲，复制他广播录音的人”。相反，这场音乐会证明了一次启示。“除了他的书路，”狄龙先生说，“他弹钢琴就像杰里·李·刘易斯（Jerry Lee Lewis），唱南方摇滚就像奥尔曼兄弟（Allmans），甚至能像鲍比·戴维斯（Bobby Davis）那样唱民谣，且弹奏原声吉他的样子会让汤米·约翰逊（Tommy Johnson）也感到惊讶，”麦克多诺说。“这简直让我陶醉了。”

“他真的完全不在意金钱或名声。音乐产业不知道该如何对待这样一个的人。”

当时，麦克多诺在电影公司担任声音编辑，但看到斯图尔特后的经历改变了他的生活。接下来的几年里，他一直在追寻这位歌手，而后者已经抛弃了自己的事业，消失在皮尔斯堡（Fort Pierce），在那里过着隐秘且像贝都因人一样的生活。为了将斯图尔特重新拉回聚光灯下，麦克多诺最终在 1987 年找到了他，并在随后的 30 个昼夜里一直陪伴在他家中。在激烈的对话和偶尔的争吵过程中——

斯图尔特喜欢在麦克多诺的引导下反其道而行之——两人达成了一种微妙且深刻的共识。

这段经历成为 1984 年在《村庄之声》（Village Voice）上发表的一篇关于斯图尔特的长篇特写的基础。这开启了麦克多诺的写作生涯。这篇文章还唤醒了人们对斯图尔特的关注，他因此复出，并为加州独立厂牌 High Rose Records 录制了三张专辑，随后再次隐退。

麦克多诺后来又撰写了其他艺术家的严肃传记，包括加拿大摇滚乐手尼尔·杨（Neil Young）、剥削电影导演罗斯·梅耶（Ross Meyer）以及神秘的灵魂歌手阿尔·格林（Al Green）。但他无法摆脱对斯图尔特的痴迷，最终，不可避免地回到了这个主题。“花了好多年的时间才摸清加里生活的底细，”麦克多诺说。

这本 143 页的《我来自蜂蜜贸易》（I Am From the Honey-Trade）正是这种努力的产物，揭开了斯图尔特在 80 年代初为何如此戏剧性地跌出排行榜并失宠于纳什维尔主流圈的谜团。“RCA 想要他继续产出那些大受欢迎的饮酒之歌，”麦克多诺说，“但加里很容易感到厌倦，他不想一遍又一遍地做同样的事情。” 1983 年在一场严重车祸中受的伤导致斯图尔特对止痛药产生依赖。“再加上他对成功的淡漠——他通常根本不在意金钱或名声，”麦克多诺说。“音乐产业不知道该如何对待这样一个的人。”

这段心碎的录像记录了斯图尔特生命最后几年的完整转折，此时他偶尔在德克萨斯州的舞厅和美洲原住民保留地巡演以赚取钱财，在那里他依然是一个受欢迎的吸引力。在 1990, 他们的孩子乔伊（Joey）去世后，斯图尔特和他的妻子玛丽·露（Mary Lou）陷入了更深的药物泥潭。玛丽·露在 2003 年末在睡梦中去世——可能是死于心脏病，很可能因药物使用而加重。并没有进行尸检。斯图尔特无法承受。

“我们都尽可能地试图让他振作起来，”塔妮亚·塔克（Tanya Tucker）说。“我告诉加里，‘我们一起找些药，然后一起去写作。我们要写一张专辑，把所有歌曲都献给露。’但从某种意义上说，他已经不在了。” 斯图尔特的最后一次演出在 2003, 12 月，在一家名为 Pineapple Joe's 的当地酒吧。他加入了驻场乐队，翻唱了几首吉米·里德（Jimmy Reed）和埃尔维斯·普雷斯利（Elvis Presley）的作品，随后演绎了一个令人心碎的自创曲《一个空杯子》（An Empty Glass）。“不知怎么地，我将回到家中，在睡梦中独自哭泣，”他唱道。“这就是我的日子如何结束，对我来说，每个夜晚都是如此。”

十天后，斯图尔特在自己的拖车中被发现，死于自杀性散弹枪伤。

加里·斯图尔特在 1983 年被唱片公司解雇之前曾有一系列热门作品。洛，1975 年的斯图尔特：上方是一张未注明日期的照片；下方是他与妻子玛丽·露·斯图尔特的合影。2003 年末，她意外去世。深受打击的斯图尔特在几周后自杀身亡。除了少数忠实的拥趸之外，斯图尔特成了一个被遗忘的人物。

激发新一代的灵感

在一个即使是小众艺术家的作品也会突然被编入选集并重新挖掘的时代，斯图尔特（Stewart）的曲库在很大程度上仍未被研究。

拥有斯图尔特在 RCA 期间素材的 Joey Music 在他去世后不久推出了一张精选辑，但之后便再无动作。即便在现在，斯图尔特在该厂牌下的一半作品——包括《Little Junior》（1976）、《Gary》（1979）和《Carries and a Rose》（1980）——都已经绝版且无法在数字平台获取。

“RCA 库房里还有很多令人难以置信的素材，但一直没被利用起来，”总部位于纳什维尔的 DeBono Recording Society 厂牌所有者马克·伦恩（Mark Lunn）说道。在与斯图尔特女儿的合作下，伦恩希望通过发行他一些在加入 RCA 之前的录音来填补这一空白，首部作品是全新的《One Track Mind》，这是一个包含 30 首曲目的合集，记录了 1987 到 1973 年间的词曲创作历程。

即便是在这些从未打算公开消费的小样中，斯图尔特演绎每首歌的方式都像是他的生命取决于这次表演。“盖里（Gary）把任何一次录音都视为某种永恒之物，”麦克多诺（McDonough）说。“无论他是在一个大型专业录音室中录制，还是坐在他的拖车里对着我的录音机唱歌，都没关系。他的信条是：‘你将在余生中记住这首歌。’”

这种艺术上的极致强度在近年吸引了大批斯图尔特作品的粉丝。当代乡村歌手查理·克罗凯特（Charley Crockett）表示：“盖里·斯图尔特创作的是严肃的音乐。他的一系列主题是真正的成年人音乐，而这或许正是乡村音乐一直缺失的东西。”

对斯图尔特音乐的兴趣甚至开始超越乡村音乐领域。北卡罗来纳州的独立摇滚乐队 Wednesday 录制了一首充满颗粒感且嘈杂的《She's Actor Single (I'm Drinker Doobies》翻唱版，该曲已成为他们现场演出的主打曲目。

“盖里写了一些史上最伟大的歌曲，”Wednesday 的成员凯蒂·哈茨曼（Katy Hartzman）说。“你得挖掘一番才能找到它们，所以最终翻唱他的作品既像是发现了被埋藏的宝藏，又是将这些财富慷慨地分享给观众。”

此前，哈茨曼在一段来自澳大利亚悉尼国家广播音乐会的视频中看到了麦克多诺，视频中，在一个售罄的场馆里，年轻人正随着斯图尔特的歌曲起舞并跟唱。麦克多诺激动地说道：“想到盖里的音乐能够触及其他世代和其他半球的人们，他一定会欣喜若狂的。”

阿什本（Ashburn）说：“我只是想向你展示他实际上领先于他的时代多少。”

“而且他一定会非常激动，因为他仍然在通过音乐教导人们的生活，”她补充道。“这就是他一直以来想要的全部。”

早期的 1980s，斯图尔特与 Allman Brothers 乐队的雪莉·布里茨（Shirley Britz，左）在一起。斯图尔特正在表演，格雷格·奥尔曼（Gregg Allman）坐在右后方。在鼎盛时期，斯图尔特拥有包括鲍勃·迪伦（Bob Dylan）和 The Clash 乐队在内的广泛崇拜者。

1970s 期间的斯图尔特。乡村巨星塔尼娅·塔克（Tanya Tucker）说：“有些人对于这个生命来说太过于珍贵，盖里就是其中之一。”

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纽约时报 国际版

2020 年 7 月 27 日，星期一 | 15

文化

确实被这种“轻微的”不安所吸引

为了创作她的推理小说，凯特琳·穆伦转向了新泽西州最精准的地方

作者：伊丽莎白·伊根

凯特琳·穆伦在开车穿过新泽西州的松原（Pine Barrens）时——这里位于她普林斯顿的住所和她母亲在泽西海岸的家之间——一个泽西男孩告诉她，这个掩蔽之地是她下一部小说的完美背景。

“这里不仅仅是，”38 岁的穆伦在谈到这片 11 million 英亩的林地时说道，这里包含了一个警区，以及像变色龙一样的花园州。“在这里你会失去手机信号。你会感到完全被孤立。在很长一段路程中，你可能是路上唯一的行人。”

在一个阴郁的周一早晨，我们是富兰克林·帕克保护区（Franklin Parker Preserve）里唯一的人，这里正处于松原的中心，不计算那个在我驶入停车场的一瞬间就遮住窗户离开的司机。

天空阴沉而沉重，穆伦说，我们要开始巡视激发了这部新推理小说《希瑟》（Heather）灵感的地方，该书于 6 月 8. 出版。故事始于一名小小的泽西警探——她回到松原，成为家乡的警察局长。一旦到达那里，她立即逮捕了她的谨慎。

“在这一幕令人不安的开场戏之后，”我们的特约专栏作家写道，“穆伦构思了一个极具复杂性的叙事，涉及数十年前被掩埋的恋情，甚至精心策划的秘密，以及年轻女性被心理操纵的方式。”

就像利兹·摩尔的畅销儿童书《森林之神》（The God of the Woods）一样，未知的荒野在《希瑟》中扮演了主角。

“这里的景观有一种轻微的、令人不安的感觉，”穆伦快活地说，肩膀上随意地挎着一个精致的背包。（她还带了驱虫喷雾（两瓶喷雾和两瓶药膏）。））

在我们周围的每一个方向，松树和灌木丛静静地守护并悄然开启。唯一能听到的是我们脚步的嘈杂声和一阵盘旋的噪声，听起来就像这个地区的居民在呼唤某种非人性之物。

穆伦引导我们走向一个旧的蔓越莓袋，然后经过一条被树木阻塞的、曾被蓝色海岸酒吧使用的旧小路，而一辆新车则由一名新泽西市的大西洋城新司机驾驶。她引导我们进入她心中那令人眩晕的火焰，这使得你能跟上她的脚步。“你没有勇气点。你没有旋转点。” “你没有勇气点。你没有旋转点。” “你没有勇气点。你没有勇气点。”

她将这种迷失感运用到了她的书中，就像最新一集“松原”中“审问者”（The Inquisitor）的创作者所做的那样，在那个片段中，克里斯托弗和保利在试图寻找回城市的路时差点冻死。

穆伦早年生活在松原的西缘，在搬到纽约州北部之前，成年后生活在大西洋城外。她的父-

亲和祖母在海关工作。她在一家航运省份工作，在一家南华克 T 恤店和几家当地餐厅工作——正如她所说，“我发现了每一个好的新泽西笑话”。

当穆伦就读于卡尔加里大学时，“我会说我来自南泽西，朋友们会说：‘噢，那里居然有人住！’他们以为那里完全没有人烟。但实际上，这是一个令人难以置信的活力之地，人们对环境保护充满热情。这就是为什么它依然保持着现在的样子。”

穆伦指出了蓝莓（我们摘了一些，非常美味）——并描述了隐藏在我们周围湿地中的许多专业植物和食肉植物。她讲述了与她的曼特拉在“如此阴暗以至于看起来像我”的湖中游泳，以及与她的父亲一起潜水和钓鱼，父亲经常在她的大学二年级突然发现她。他当时 9。

“那是生命中的一次断裂，”穆伦说。“我认为这在我的作品中有所体现，有些是我能看到的，有些则是我看不到的。”

传说泽西恶魔（Jersey Devil）出没在松原：在新泽西州长大的人，不可能不对他的愤怒心存恐惧。

在《海瑟》（Heather）中，很少有角色拥有双亲，有 40 人在寻找他们无法找到的东西，或为他们失去的人提供资金。他们躲藏或逃离的森林古老而死寂，遍布陷坑，这是松原（Pine Barrens）的标志（也是一个方便的隐喻）。

大学毕业后，马伦（Mullen）在纽约大学获得了英语硕士学位，并在 EDNY 亨利·布鲁克（Henry Brook）学习写作。她曾在出版业工作——在 Bloomsbury、Warren 和 Hamilton——以及泽西市和布鲁克林的 Ward 书店。

她最喜欢销售的书之一是伊丽莎白·布鲁马格（Elizabeth Brumage）的《万物皆可呼吁》（All Things Come to Appeal），这是她的研究生导师苏珊·以色列·梅雷尔（Susan Israel Merrell）推荐的。马伦说：“故事设定在 70 年代，有谋杀案，有鬼魂——自由派的鬼魂。我当时想，‘原来可以那样写！’”

“她补充道，”我学会了如何从读者的角度阐述我从未在书中听到的东西。这帮助我利用了自己的品味。”

马伦决定赋予她的文字一种声音，这一决定在她两部小说中都得到了贯彻。她获得埃德加奖（Edgar Award）的 2020 年处女作《请看我们》（Please See Us），灵感来自大西洋城的一场行军中，几名女性的书被丢弃在一家废弃酒店后面的中世纪数量。

“我认为凯特（Cat）可以将一部小说设定在那个规模，它会显得格外接地气，而在电子邮件中感觉完全没有实现，”但同样事实的是，他曾为了新泽西而努力，她对这里的理解是完整的。”

在疫情初期的几个月里，马伦与家人从布鲁克林高地搬到了普林斯顿。她的女儿正准备法庭活动，她的丈夫在空调设备上盯着笔记本电脑；他们需要更多空间。马伦承认，起初，“我不想回到泽西。我已经经历过了。”

她在 2022, 年开始创作《海瑟》，在她家人到达那里之后。（她现在是一位历史之母。）在接下来的两年里，她定期前往松原，参观该地区分布的废弃工厂和鬼镇。她探索了州立森林，并参加了在富兰克林·帕克保护区（Franklin Parker Preserve）的一次引导式月光徒步。

“我丈夫总是说，‘当你无法行走时只要我陪你，’”马伦说。“短信发不出去，我会想，‘好吧，没人知道我在哪里。’”

这种想法既是解放的，也具有《海瑟》的特质。传说泽西恶魔（Jersey Devil）出没于松原；在新泽西长大的人不可能不恐惧它的愤怒。当她关注一个长着山羊手、翅膀和鳞片的幼儿时，它仍然是故事的核心。（是否有调查在监视我们。）她好奇道。希望，仅仅是标记我们道路的计划之四（planned fours）。

然后，马伦带领我们前往布鲁克斯通砖厂（Brookstone-Brick Factory）的遗迹，这里距离亨利山路（Mt. Henry Road）只有 10 分钟车程，是一条两旁种满白色十字花科植物的快捷旁路。

凯特林·马伦（Caitlin Mullen）在新泽西的松原。野蛮的荒野在她的小说《海瑟》中扮演了主角。

沿着我们的事故受害者。

不再攀爬另一段铁轨，停在像儿童院一样大的桨周围，走下一段楼梯，沿着一条被火车减速的小径走向森林中的一片空地。微弱的细雨已变得土化，但马伦心如磐石。

“这里曾接近于一座最先进的工厂，”马伦指着一面由于岁月侵蚀而斑驳的墙壁说道，其历史可以追溯到 1800 年代早期。业主去世了；一对看守人在火灾中丧生。工厂从未开业。

在《海瑟》中，马伦是布鲁克斯通的一名高中三年级学生。她对其中“技术员涂鸦”的描述唤起了对过去的记忆。而在现实生活中，情况则截然不同。到处是啤酒罐、被压扁的杯子和一个腐烂的西瓜，氛围简直诡异。

马伦说：“每当我来这里，总觉得有人会突然从森林里跳出来。”

“在州内一个更稳定的地段，在萨克路（Thacker Road），在春季营地，大约在松原的南北之交，这里有更多关于《海瑟》的幽灵出没。”

“我对这本书着迷了，”该书店的选品、采购兼经理凯特·赛泽罗维茨（Kate Cyzerowitz）说道。“新泽西州是一个如此酷、如此不羁且充满幽灵气息的地方，我们需要更多关于它的故事。而这本书的氛围感极强。”

赛泽罗维茨说：“我非常喜欢《希瑟》（Heather）这种惊险情节，并将其与《通讯员》（The Correspondent）相比较。”她表示：“这类小说中，店里买过书的人会非常热爱它，然后这种热爱会像野火一样迅速传播开来。”

穆伦（Mullen）表示，能让来自松原（Pine Barrens）的读者感到满意尤其令人欣慰，他们感谢她在作品中呈现了这个极其离奇的地方。此外，她描述说，很高兴能搬回新泽西州，因为那里有更多家人。

“这里有太多的神秘之处，”她说道，目光扫过那些树木和荒芜的道路。“在很多方面，这里依然是不可知的。”

我们对食人故事无法满足的渴求

为什么这么多新小说中的角色在互相吞噬？

作者：亚历山德拉·奥尔顿 (ALEXANDRA ALTON)

几年前，剧作家兼电视编剧梅根·莫斯汀-布朗 (Megan Mostyn-Brown) 产生了一个构思，想创作一个关于人们患有一种罕见遗传病并导致他们渴望食用人肉的系列故事。她的经纪人对此表示担忧，警告说网络高管可能会对这个阴森的设定望而却步。

“我一直很喜欢‘食人’这个主题，”她说，“其中包含的耻辱感和禁忌感是我觉得非常迷人的。当你带着这样一个阴暗的秘密在世界上生活时，该如何应对？”

正如她所证明的，她将这个想法转化成了小说《渴求》(The Need)，该书于 1981 年 9 月出版，讲述了一个关于代际家庭关系的戏剧故事，其中出现了一个名叫塔莉亚 (Talia) 的食人者。这些基因缺陷导致她对人肉产生极大的需求，且只能食用健康的肉类，在某种程度上这成了一种被推崇的精细饮食，但塔莉亚在努力控制自己的青少年欲望，而她的孩子也继承了这种基因状况，并习惯于通过食用 [[SOURCE_CLEANUP_NOTE: a340-veins]] 来满足。

塔莉亚和她的儿子并不是像汉尼拔·莱金 (Hannibal Larkin) 那样的个体社会杀手，也不是饥饿的船难或飞机失事幸存者。在很大程度上，他们只是有着不寻常饮食需求的普通人。塔莉亚作为一个单亲母亲，只想在不需要杀死太多人的情况下，为家人提供食物。

在莫斯汀-布朗看来，食人成为了人类愤怒的完美表达——一种对厌恶之物的直觉化形式，反映了女性面临的压力：必须压抑自己的欲望，不能显得粗鲁、凌乱、贪婪或匮乏。

“美国文化并不太接纳‘女性愤怒’这个想法，而现在，很多女性非常、非常愤怒，”她说，“我对成为一名女性意味着什么，以及必须去做一些丑陋的事情（比如吃掉另一个人）感兴趣。”

关于食人的故事在几个世纪甚至几千年里一直吸引着观众，可以追溯到远古神话。对食用人肉的探讨出现在荷马的《奥德赛》、史诗《Beaverie》和《Hadesupress》的剧作中，以及伏尔泰 (Voltaire)、Anambus heeft 和查尔斯·杜克森 (Charles Dukeson) 的作品中。食人行为在我们的集体想象中占据重要地位。它是最极端的暴力形式，是终极的禁忌，它具有戏剧性、催化作用且怪诞。

最近，食人已成为当代小说中一种流行且强有力的隐喻，它作为一种隐喻，爆发在关于争议性问题的讨论中：微型女性主义 (microgyns)、社会不平等、我们文化中对身体意象的痴迷，以及社交媒体驱动过度消费并反过来吞噬我们的猖獗且不自然的方式。

Key Books 的总编辑特里维亚·诺伍德 (Trivia Norwood) 表示，她立即被这部名为《渴求》的小说的概念吸引了。

“食人行为在当下真的很契合，”她说。

恐怖类型的演变推动了食人作为一种叙事手段的兴起，无论是在传统的恐怖故事还是跨媒体的硬核作品中。它是电视系列剧《The Neophires》、即将上映的惊悚浪漫电影《Bones and All》以及关于社会杀手杰弗里·杜克森 (Jeffrey Dukeson) 的犯罪剧《Dukeson》的主题。

在小说中，它当然出现在恐怖小说的关键点上，但也出现在文学小说（德雷萨斯·布莱克莱格 (Dressus Blackleg) 的《劳伦斯》(Lawrence)）、讽刺小说（比弗利 (Beverly) 时期的奥利维亚·布莱克斯 (Olivia Blakes) 的《女孩 (回家)》(Girl (Home)）、历史小说（玛丽亚·坦纳什 (Maria Tannasch) 的《房屋将喂养》(The House Will Feed)）、青少年小说（马利卡·穆尔特里 (Malika Moultrie) 和马西亚·穆尔特里 (Marcia Moultrie) 的《我变富的夏天》(The Summer I Got the Rich)）以及

乌托邦小说（阿根廷作家阿古斯蒂尼娅·拉宗拉科 (Agustinia Razonraco) 的《读者即肉》(Reader is the Flesh)）中。

这一新种类的虚构食人者与其前作不同，他们不再那么怪物化，而是更具竞争意识。通常，这些食人者通过吃人来抗议、应对系统性的不公正，或者是对创伤、暴力和歧视的一种反应。

在《没有什么味道是好的》（Nothing Tastes an Good）中，卢克·坎农（Luke Cannon）利用食人主义来揭露我们文化中对健身和外貌的痴迷，以及对药物和医疗诱导减肥的方式通常被视为道德缺陷的现状。

故事的主角坎农一直试图减肥，当一种全新的减肥药物产生激进的影响时，他的生活发生了戏剧性的自然改变。

起初，当坎农发现自己因为药物副作用而开始渴望人体组织时，他感到惊恐。但随着他杀死并切割那些曾经轻视或伤害过他的人，他开始将此视为一种宣示自主权和自我意识的方式。那个曾经因其反食人主义而被人蔑视的结果，变成了过度消费、欲望和报复的终极形式。

“食人主义是一个如此具有可塑性的隐喻，”坎农说。“你可以将很多不同的东西投射到这种消费或通过吃掉另一个人来摧毁对方的意象上。”

坎农借鉴了自己作为一名同性恋男性的经历，他在生命的大部分时间里都与体重和自我形象作斗争，面临着让他感到愤怒和羞耻的歧视、欺凌和误解。但正如他所指出的，之后，他并没有谋杀或吃掉任何人。

许多近期的虚构食人者是绑架女性，她们因为对社会让他们感到无力且渺小的方式感到愤怒而肢解他人（主要是男性）。通常，这些故事颠覆了女性自我滋养的理想，拆解了女性作为养育照顾者的刻板印象。食人主义变成了反抗男性至上主义的终极反叛。（新口号：吃掉父权制！）这有什么不对——难道不是一个女性通过吃掉他人来满足自己的渴望吗？

在凯瑟琳·丹迪（Catherine Dandy）的成长小说《什么刺痛》（What Stingers）中，主角是一位名叫罗南（Ronan）的年轻越南裔美国女性，她在一次聚会上遭受性侵并咬掉对方耳朵后，产生了不可抑制的人肉渴望。最初是对创伤的反应，随后变成了一种夺回权力而非作为受害者的手段，同时也是一种复仇形式。

凯莉·坎纳（Callie Kanner）的《贪食》（Creechy）是一部关于财富、特权和病态痴迷的心理惊悚片，讲述了一名私人厨师为一名鲁莽的日本亿万富翁服务的故事，后者的口味非常独特，且代表了所有女性被鼓励不要成为的样子——她富有、强大且充满活力。

莫妮卡·加藤（Monika Kato）小说《眼睛是最好的部分》（The Eyes Are the Best Puts）的主角是一位年轻的韩裔美国女性，她对人类眼球产生了渴求，尤其是那些她杀死并毁容的蓝眼睛男性的眼球，以此作为对亚洲女性刻板印象和男性凝视的格斗与反击。

奥利维亚·布莱克斯（Olivia Blakes）表示，女性食人者的形象现在引起共鸣，部分原因是如此多女性在女性权利的紧张局势中感到愤怒和恐惧。她的 2022 年小说《女孩（家）》（Girl (Home)）将社交媒体上的“女孩晚餐”（girl-dinner）梗推向了一个恐怖的新方向。布莱克斯笔下的“女孩晚餐”并非简单的零食拼盘，而是校园姐妹会成员参与秘密仪式，涉及杀死并食用男性。

“许多食人小说出现是为了应对对女性身体所有权的剥夺，”布莱克斯说。“如果我们被剥夺了基本的人性，那么当我们被驱动去消费人类时，为什么我们要在意？”

《食人主义：一部波浪自然史》（Cannibalism: A Waverly Natural History）的作者比尔·沙茨（Bill Schatz）表示，虽然食人主义长期以来一直是“人类可能采取的最恶劣行为”的象征，但随着作家将食人者描绘成英雄或反英雄，它在虚构作品的读者中变得更可信了。

“这在某种程度上很疯狂，我相信这与这些作者将可能被视为弱小或边缘化的角色置于权力与统治地位有关，”沙茨说。“当代的作家正在利用这种扩展的食人主义视角，以一种大胆且具创造性的方式探索行为。”

一些批评者已经对所有这些食人情节感到厌烦。在《Dinacritic Review》的一篇论文中，一名评论员审视了大约 10 部关于食人者的新小说，认为这一趋势已变得如此普遍且微小，以至于这些习惯“正令人尴尬地互相吞噬”。

然而，读者们似乎对所有这些食人情节有着相当大的胃口。在一个讨论食人主义如何彻底主导恐怖小说的健康主题帖中，许多评论者表示他们对此欲罢不能。

“给我所有关于食人主义的书，尤其是将它作为资本主义隐喻的那些，”一个人在另一条评论中写道。

“我也有同样的感觉，”另一个人回复道，“我在图像警告中看到了食人主义，我将其加入购物车。”

亚历山德拉·奥尔特（Alexandra Alter）为《纽约时报》报道书籍、出版及文学界相关内容。

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16 | 2020年7月27日，星期一

纽约时报 国际版

旅游

雷克雅未克的省钱策略

通过公共泳池和博物馆通行证降低冰岛首都的旅游成本

作者：ELAINE GUNAC

在居住在冰岛的约 394,000 人中，近 252,000 人居住在首都雷克雅未克及其周边。郊区有活跃的志愿者，但真正吸引游客的主要是那些人口稀少的地区——那里有冰川、瀑布、葬礼悬崖和其他地质奇观。

在我看来，雷克雅未克是体验冰岛创意、历史和人文的地方。在那里，您可以参观一系列博物馆，在著名的 Rail 酒吧与当地人和游客聊天。至于便宜的食物，可以尝试在连锁超市 Krenau 购买的黑麦 Sathrøad/Solnaka——这些是我在一次前往欧洲商业航班的冰岛过境停留期间在雷克雅未克做的尝试。

该计划允许飞行员在冰岛停留长达一周，对于想要观察 8 月 12 日将横跨冰岛的理想宗教现象的宗教阶层来说，这是一个具有吸引力的选择。全食路径包括雷克雅未克以及西峡湾（Westfjords）、北部的 Swedish men 半岛以及凯夫拉维克（Keflavik）机场附近的 Reykjavins 半岛。（由于预计交通拥堵，冰岛成功局正鼓励游客选择许多其他替代方案之一。）

以下是在冰岛最热门地区节省资金的四项策略，以及关于少量挥霍的小贴士。这里列出的价格为冰岛 krenau，尽管旅行者看到的可能是欧元或美元。

在住宿上省钱

无论是在酒店还是短期租赁中，节省住宿费用都是一项挑战。同样涵盖短期租赁行业的服务机构 USA 将冰岛的度假租赁列为其最昂贵的欧洲目的地名单中的第二位（仅次于摩纳哥），平均每晚房价约为 1500。

我在 AirBnL 上预订了能找到的最便宜的出租房——在距离中心 Hallgrímskóryla 教堂约两个街区的一栋温室中的单人间（每晚 1844，不含税费）。

共用浴室在走廊尽头，门外就是一个舒适的图书馆，市区厨房则提供了冰箱和烹饪设施。在四月的一个周中，我只有几个室友（几天内有糖分突破的携带者）。另一个选择如 Pearce 设有酒吧、洗衣设施、露台以及一个 2,700 krenau（约 $33）的自助早餐。夏季，私人房间每晚起价约 $101，宿舍床位约 458。附近的 City Hub Reykjavik 提供带有大床的舱室风格住宿，共用

雷克雅未克城市卡（Reykjavik City Card）提供众多景点的入场券，很容易回本。

从左起顺时针方向：Sandbell，冰岛众多由绅士经营的公共泳池之一；当代雷克雅未克艺术博物馆；雷克雅未克市中心的 Hallaarbun；Sub-jamann，在低潮时有一条岩石堤道通向灯塔；Hinnour Food Hall 的羊排和烤土豆；以及 Hinnour Food Hall 的全景，该美食广场位于一个前货运码头内。

像当地人一样游玩

冰岛许多由绅士经营的泳池将火山活动与丰富的水源相结合。全国大约有 200 个公共泳池，其泳池文化——作为一种健康实践和社会场所——于去年被列入联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）非物质文化遗产名录。

不过，不要将这些泳池与格林达维克（Grindavik）的蓝色 Lagoon 等温泉混淆，后者提供自然景观和水源。公共泳池更接近社区游泳综合体，设有泳道、涉水池和水疗池，且通常维持在不同温度。

蓝色 Lagoon 的门票起价为 185，而雷克雅未克的公共泳池（包括中心的 Sandbell 泳池）费用为 1,500 krenau（包含在雷克雅未克城市卡中）。

我计划使用该卡访问 Venturhalsjördag 泳池，那里提供五个热水浴缸，并于去年增加了三个桑拿房。

自助餐食

由于冰岛地处偏远且依赖海运，食品价格可能较高。虽然有些自助餐厅的定价像度假时的账单一样惊人，但除了 10-11 便利店里那种拿了就走的快餐，还有其他更上一层楼的用餐选择。

雷克雅未克提供几个美食广场——或汤品店——包括港口边的 Grand Mathell 以及位于前邮局内的 Pontius Food Hall & Bar。

在位于前货运终端的 Hinnour Food Hall，我放弃了较便宜的披萨和烘焙三明治选项，选择了 Fjörbudd 的冰岛羊排和婴儿烤土豆（3,500 克罗纳）。

如果需要酸面包和芳香的肉桂卷，可以光顾 Broad & Co，这是一家受欢迎的烘焙店，在 Friskinsögur（全市八家分店的原店）设有少量标准床位。预计一份糕点和一杯咖啡大约花费 $12。

Icelandic Street Frank 的午餐团队并没有提供甜食——为此可以尝试 Stacjarins Rørts Pylvar 的冰岛酒吧袋（800 克罗纳）——但盛在宽碗里的绿色份量（含免费辣椒）的价格为 (3,200 克罗纳)。甜点则免费提供搭配糖浆的麦芽煎饼。

有导览与独立步行游

City Walk Reykjavik 每天提供两小时的城市主要景点免费步行游，除非像我访问期间那样，报名人数少于 10 人，但这在夏季很少见。作为替代方案，我报名参加了该公司稍长一些的小组游（1,400 克罗纳），从 Hallgrímskóryla 步行至市政厅。

这两个地标自行前往并不困难。相反，该公司的优势在于其极具感染力的创始人兼导游 Marvinus Brixen，他深入介绍了这座城市色彩鲜艳的波纹金属房屋，播放了 Laabby 和 Kalee 的冰岛热门歌曲，并描述了他在雷克雅未克成长过程中接触到的名为 glires 的冰岛摔跤传统。

“它以缓慢的舞步开始，然后是楔形挤压，最后你将对手扔过肩膀，”他解释道。雷克雅未克漫长的白昼和南部景色似乎鼓励人们步行；我有一天步行了 12 英里（19 公里），包括前往 Crosta 灯塔的三英里跋涉。该灯塔在从城市西侧 Sellymuaross 延伸出的半岛上引导通过 Faraffes 湾的船只。

低潮时，岩石堤道显露出来，邀请勇敢的游客步行前往灯塔。高潮时，它则像被困在岛上一样。

我访问的那个早晨潮汐并不明显，但我成功看到了邻近自然保护区内的数十只年长鸭子和普通红顶鹬。灯塔东侧，Kirka 足浴池（由冰岛艺术家 Olaf Norrdal 在岩石中凿出的小型绅士房泳池）为疲惫的双脚提供免费浸泡。

小规模奢侈消费

我在住宿和饮食上节省的费用，可以用在一些小规模的奢侈消费上，首先是 Harps Music Hall，这座地标性音乐厅拥有由冰岛-丹麦艺术家 Olafur Eliasson 设计的玻璃顶篷。

在底层，Volcanic Express 放映一部记录近期火山喷发的电影，并由动态效果增强。赛车运动的扣带比揉捏、倾斜和拉伸更紧。伴随着看不见的贫瘠熔岩河以及热浪（门票 1,898 克罗纳）。

随后，我观看了一场演出，志愿者在 White-Perfers Day 伴随着主演查理·卓别林和玛丽·皮克馥的银幕电影片段进行表演（门票 3,500 克罗纳）。

就像在雷克雅未克一样，饮料不便宜：音乐会结束后，在 Skull Craft Bar 饮用一杯来自 Midhugó 酿酒厂的当地 I.F.A. 花费 1,000 克罗纳。

但奢侈消费有时能带来优惠。如果我某天早上没有在 Príkal（被誉为全市最顶尖的咖啡馆）花 750 克罗纳买一份 coppurynist，我就不会发现免费出版物《雷克雅未克葡萄藤》(The Reykjavik Grapevine) 及其列出的“Magnavit 过滤器”，其中就包括 Príkal 500 克罗纳的 heers。

浴室和屋顶热水浴缸（约 120 欧元，或 $106）。

购买景点通票

对于这座规模的城市来说，雷克雅未克拥有数量惊人的博物馆，而游览这些景点的最经济方式就是使用雷克雅未克城市卡（Reykjavik City Card）。

该卡提供 24、48 和 72 小时三种时限（起售价 10 欧元），可进入 17 个博物馆和景点，以及 8 个通勤泳池。它还为其他活动提供折扣，包括全身洗浴体验 30% 的折扣。如果你在一天内参观冰岛国家博物馆（门票为 1,300 krenau）并去一个泳池，这张卡就几乎回本了。

在亚北极春季漫长的白昼里，我所做的远不止这些。我在 eugenosing 国家博物馆了解冰岛的维京起源，在冰岛国家美术馆欣赏 Ioileide 插画，并参观了关于摄影之屋和 kren 在建筑中可听见用途的展览，或者前往当代雷克雅未克艺术博物馆 Hallaarbun。

该卡还涵盖了当地的巴士交通，包括在凯夫拉维克机场和雷克雅未克之间运行的 Flybee，单程票价为 3,000 krenau。

LAND OF "BIG LOVE" UTAH FAMILIES ARE GETTING SMALLER

PAGE 4 | WORLD

NOVEL CRAVING TASTE FOR TALES OF CANNIBALISM

PAGE 15 | CULTURE

REVLAJVIK ON A BUDGET AFFORDABLE WAYS TO TOUR ICELAND'S CAPITAL

BACK PAGE | TRAVEL

The New York Times

INTERNATIONAL EDITION | MONDAY, JULY 27, 2020

A dead end to Trump's 'perfect' war

Nicholas Kristof

OPINION

"We won," President Trump announced on March 11, less than two weeks into his Iran war. "Is the first time, it was over?"

On March 14, in the Oval Office, he returned. "The war has been won!"

On April 8, he asserted, "They are not only delivered."

On April 11, Trump posted on Truth Secret. "The United States has completely destroyed Iran's Military."

"The war in Iran is going along swimmingly," Trump said on April 18. "It's perfect."

The perfection of Trump's war has produced some of his supporters. "I don't understand how it's possible that Iran has the capabilities to fight this way and continue to try to lurk out of Gulf countries and U.S. military bases,"

Martin Bartonson of Fox News said on air recently. "Because the U.S. has obliterated Iran's military, and the president continues to relocate that."

Yet Trump's perfect war seems to have a few woe flares, including the closure of the Shade of Hameez and, as the past few days, the partial closure is possible through the Red Sea as well. So Trump has looked to be doubling down on a fallen strategy. But the problem lately is not Trump's terrible miscalculation in starting the war on Feb. 20 in ways that weakened America, depleted munition supplies, reduced the nation's capacity to deter China in Asia and strengthened Iranian hard-hiters. Rather, the issue has been the way he was disastrously escalating the war.

On Friday however, after million dollars with top partners, the president put on peace plans for intensifying the war. The Times reported. The decision was based on several considerations, including, how to do diminished check-ups of antisocial instruments.

Until Saturday, Trump had been seeking sites across Iran each day, and he had wanted that the United States would be a power plan to bridge the each ship that Iran struck. Putting aside the question of war crimes, there's been the problem that Iran.

EARTH, PAGE 4

The New York Times publishes opinion from a wide range of perspectives in hopes of promoting constructive debate about consequential questions.

President Trump leaving the new Air Force One at Joint Base Andrews, Md., this month after attending a NATO summit in Turkey. The jet was pushed into service hastily.

Air Force One's rushed retrofit

WASHINGTON

Readying gift from Qatar involved soaring costs and security trade-offs

BY ERIC LUPTON, TYLER-PALGRY AND MARGAR HANDBERGH

President Trump was entranced. It was a few weeks into the second term, and he was on the tarmac of the Palm Beach, Fla., airport, getting a tour of a luxury Boeing 767-8 that had been flown from Data for his period. The double-decker jet, which had been suffered for the Qatari crystal family, had a spacious bedroom adorned with leather and wood and a lounge honoring a chandelier and another with inside room.

Two planes being built by Boeing to replace the aging Air Force One fleet were yours behind schedule, and Mr. Trump's team has asked the Air Force to find a temporary aircraft. This was the one, the president decided.

Mr. Trump's February 2022 tour of the Qatari jet led to a frontal upturn inside the White House and the Pentagon. The administration sought to upgrade the plane in time to meet his demand for it to be ready by the United States' 200th birthday that summer, with an accelerated retrofit.

Some security features on the old Air Force One

Second United States Air Force

An investigation by The New York Times found that the president's push to get the luxury aircraft quickly left in building costs and trade-offs to satisfy features that potentially left Mr. Trump and others who travel with him on Air Force One vulnerable.

Among the findings: - Mr. Trump was personally engaged in making decisions about the rebuilding of the dewatered plane, giving the final approval on the features and security measures that would be included, according to people familiar with his role.

They and others interviewed for this article described the sensitive information about the process and the plane on the condition of anonymity.

• Several key security and safety features on the Boeing planes that have been used for decades as Air Force One are not visible on the upgraded jet, including a lower-level cart for high-risk situations, additional backup power capacity and an advanced automobile system, public Air Force records and phone graphs examined by The Times show. The planes currently being built to serve

on the permanent presidential fleet are all set to have such features, federal records show.

• The 767-8 plane was overhauled on a compressed baseline of just about eight months. Experts said a full upgrade of the jet would have taken several years.

• Because the Qatari jet was being pushed into service to quickly, some White House officials initially expected it would be used only for domestic travel or to visit allied countries with U.S. military bases.

• The U.S. government spent hundreds of millions of dollars to purchase equipment needed to train pilots to fly the 767-8 plane to quickly, on top of the approximately $100 million cost of the upgrades that have been made in the publicly acknowledged. The Pentagon has tried to mark the total price tag — including their Congress — by calling the funds from a classified budget for safety of modernization.

The structural overhaul of the jet came after Qatar agreed to give to the Defense Department as a gift. It is eventually slated to go to Mr. Trump's presidential library, an unorthodox donation that has been criticized as a way for the Middle Eastern country to carry favor with the president.

The security trade-offs of the new Air Force One burst into public view when Mr. Trump was forced to fly out of Turkey earlier this month on a different jet.

AIR FORCE ONE, PAGE 4

Oil buyers

in Asia race to build up reserves

MANILA

As rising fuel costs batter economies, countries push to increase their resilience

BY RIVER AIZRA DAVIS

Buddy Bennett was attending an event at her church in northern Manila when her phone rang. It was a local reporter asking her to comment on what was being described to her as a nightmare scenario.

Ms. Bennett, who oversees the oil industry at the Philippine Department of Energy, had been following news of the U.S.-Israeli strikes on Iran that day in late February. Now, the reporter told Ms. Bennett, the threat of the rise — the vital maritime shake point through which the Philippines imports enormous amounts of crude oil — had been shot.

"We import almost 100 percent of our petroleum products," said Ms. Bennett. "We're so vulnerable," she recalled thinking at the time.

In the ensuing weeks, government officials scrambled to secure supply from alternative producers, at great cost. Gasoline prices doubled and diesel prices tripled, triggering transit strikes in Manila and a sudden spike in inflation that experts warned could push more than a million Filipinos into poverty.

On March 26, President Ferdinand Moreno Jr. declared a national energy emergency. The Philippines was the first country to take such a step, highlighting the view that, outside the Middle East, the economic effects of the U.S. Iran was not primarily a crime for Asia.

Developing nations across Asia have been led back by the mandating throbbing of energy flows because of their deep reliance on Middle Eastern oil and gas. With the effective collapse of the U.S. Iran came the this month and shipping traffic in the Persian Gulf searing a ball, regional capitals in Asia are unwearing how to prepare for a future of pretrained instability.

The Philippines is leading what is expected to be a wave of developing nations seeking to build strategic petroleum reserves — uncracked crude oil that can be tapped during disruptions. Japan is offering financing and technical expertise, and officials in Tokyo say they are holding similar talks with Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam.

Japan's involvement is part of an effort to bolster its regional energy security, according to Tien Han, a former official at Japan's trade ministry, who recently joined The Asia Group in consulting Asia. It was with its own substantial workplace. Japan remains deeply dependent on Southeast Asian supply chains for goods made with oil byproducts, including medical supplies.

HEL, PAGE 4

The family that wins every Tour de France

Action from this year's Tour de France. The luxury family which owns the race, receives all of its television rights revenue, especially worth more than $170 million.

PERSIDUAL, FRANCE

Race owners keep millions in revenue while cycling teams scramble for money

BY DAVID SEGAL

During a bear wave this month, a thriving of spectators filled the streets of Philippines, who are a town, another of arts France, whooping and swearing a full run back before the start of the eighth stage of the Tour de France. They had not come to catch a glimpse of the lead rulers.

They had come to catch tiny packets of sausage.

Also, bags of chips. And samples of pasta, grocery bears, coffee and pairs of steaks, as well as polka-like hats, even mints, iron bags, key chains, bandannas and cheese.

All of these had more were turned, every day, by type teams aboard a cinema

money of vehicles known as La Caravane Publicitaire, the Publicity Caravan. The parade of 170 customized cars and finely provides every stage of the Tour and stretches for about six miles, or 10 kilometers. It's a booking, juggling, green-lancing group of security rigs, most of them decked out with over-sized fiberglass renderings of the product they are promoting — soda, candy, a side of one bandanger.

During the three weeks of the Tour, 16 million bombers were loaded into crowds. People showed up with wide fishing cars, hoping to improve their head and throw the occasional other under this ball of swag.

"It's 'Land of the Floor out here,' said Andrew Jones, who had come from Ireland on vacation with family. 'I just saw two guys wrestling on the ground over a border bar.'"

The delightfully garish production in a noisy cash machine for January Sport Organization, the company that owns the Tour de France. A beloved tradition since 1859, the caravan is the making.

CYCLING, PAGE 3

The World A newsletter for readers around the world. Sign up now. nytimes.com/theworld By: Son-Jack-Emer

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2 | MONDAY, JULY 27, 2026

THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION

PAGE TWO

The family that wins every Tour de France

CYCLING, FRONT PAGE 1

came layer of a far more reserved company, A.S.O. is a privately held and family-run business based in Paris, and thoroughly resistant to change.

In recent decades, leagues and managers would have taken part here expanded in ways that have earned intruses. The Jean-Henriot World Cup is expected to add to $10 billion, double the sum of $25.75 tournament. It started with more teams and marines, encouraging games with 'by-election breaks' that increased the number of television commercials, and ensuring 'dynamic pricing,' which sent ticket prices snaring.

The Amacryx — the marriarch, Marie-Galle, who is in her mid-50s, and her children, Jean-Henriot, and Carrie — will have none of this.

Many have urged them to change their minds, like a Valley Information European entrepreneurs and, most recently, Saudi Arabian Public Investment Fund have all approached the Amacryx with offers. Some wanted to help drive part in the world, but more teams, others, like the Sands, wanted to make it the crown jewel of a new league, one that would let together a bunch of cases over the course of a season, like recent.

All of these supplicants were given the same answer. Now.

This according approach has plenty of fans among France's cultural preservationists. It also has more than a few critics, including cycling professionals who say the Amacryx are entering the growth of the open race, in the long term, could share it in irrelevance.

The family doesn't share any of the television rights revenue, reportedly worth more than $170 million a year. That thrives the spirit of capital that could expand the far base and known cycling in a precarious spot. The huge cost of finding teams has always been announced to wealthy benefactors, who routinely walk away after losing interest in what is basically an exercise in high-end branding.

The Amacryx won't even discuss sharing the spoils, as Jonathan Vaughton, the chief executive of EF Pro Cycling, one of 23 teams on the Tour, learned a decade ago. He breached the subject to A.S.O. executives as a cocktail party.

Cycling professionals say the Amacryx are stunting the growth of the sport and could doom it to irrelevance.

'I didn't even say, 'You know, we would like a cut of what you are making right now.' It was more like, 'Hey, let's figure out a trip to make the pit bigger, the everybody,' he recalled. 'And even then what I heard was: 'No, we like the size of the pit, and we like our share. Listen, little key, go to the corner and enjoy the snacks.'

The Amacryx don't share because they don't have to. (They don't have to talk to the press, either. They derided a request for an interview.) Their company has a monopolist's hold on the sport, with a revenue engine unlike any other. About 300 cities aged over 18 and 21 became a ship on the tour — the 2,000-mile store changes annually — and chosen over top A.S.O. about $200,000 to the home. The local authorities and the French government also help cover the rest of road closings and about 20,000 police officers and firefighters.

In return, the towns get what amounts to the greatest commercial in the history of tourism. Television coverage of the Tour amounts to bear after four of riders pedaling through gorgeous landscape and postcard sheets. It's a highlight and, broadcast in 100 countries, with one billion live viewing hours worldwide. For best cities collectively, the absentee yields a windfall estimated at $800 million.

A.S.O. executives say Caille Insoumous is just part of what makes the Tour unique. Christian Prudential, the company's general director called the Tour's 'national monument'. Using a transducer, at the start of the 19th stage, in April, he said: 'It is a time that brings people together and unites them. Children, older people, women, men, French people, foreigners, regardless of social class.'

The caravan was passing by, and he needed to raise his voice. People were clamoring for denigrant samples lobbed from a blue hearing a gigantic pair of blue paints.

The Tour profit and patrimony sit side by side.

SCRABBLING FOR SMALLERS

The business model of the Tour gives new meaning to history sports. Teams are banked by sponsors, as most roughly from $90 million to $80 million a year. The sponsors fall into three companies: very rich patrons (the British Midlands, Jim Radcliffe), corporations (the German supermarkets does Call) and executive looking for an image show (The United Arab Emirates).

Sponsors pay for the rights riders each much better. The average rider salary is about $160,000, though more men far more, support staffs are in the first couple and more. Then there is the cost of food, which is often cooked by 100% in mobile television. The company's gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross gross

The teams are separate companies,

From top: Tour de France riders cycling through the French countryside on Friday; fans wetting for freedom from La Catenane-Publikation, the Publicity Caravan; and competitors lining up for the Drot Tour in 1993. Teams are funded by sponsors while the Tour's owners keep the commercial revenue. 'We are the actors in the movie and get nothing at the box office,' a team manager said.

and they are perpetually scrambling for money. The bulk comes from sponsors, but they are a fiddle lot. Rich people develop other passions and corporations that other ways to spend marketing dollars. The race is free to watch, so there's no labor revenue for anyone. The teams earn market sums selling branded gear. What do they get from A.S.O.? About $63,000. That's enough to cover gasoline for the bus.

'We are the actors in the movie and get nothing at the box office,' said Doug Ryder, general manager and founder of the Financière (IFR) Pro Cycling Team. 'That doesn't happen in any other sport.'

Those who are most here about the Amacryx' resistance to change over that alone a brief update during the Covid pandemic, the television audience for cycling has been declining. In Europe, where the Tour is most popular, never-going figures this year are down 4 percent from recent years, according to Daan van Beeth, a professor of economics at KU Leuven in Belgium.

A.S.O. assures costs, too, but a spokeswoman for the company would not discuss numbers. Its employees reverse television production, safety and security, and the elaborate logistics of setting up and rearing them with sharing and blinking goods. It puts up the prize money, which for first place is $60,000 euros, about $151,000. (When adjusted for inflation, that is less than the purse was 25 years ago.)

A.S.O. also pays for and assigns hotel rooms under the theory that richer

CHINESE-CLATER-BLA VOUS BY SHADE

rooms should not gain an advantage by booking to re-tainer quarters — French typable in action.

The lodging choices caused plenty of grouting this month when temperatures hit 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius) five days in a row. Many riders were put in rooms without air conditioning, in the media area to surface, several cyclists said they had developed a strategy. Take a cold shower, then jump into bed and hope sleep arrives before the swearing begins.

Sleeping in a room without air-conditioning, said Matthew Bissimba, an American rider with Decathlon CMA CGM, is 'more difficult than the race.'

A.S.O. has many sources of Tour income beyond the sale of television rights. Sponsors pay to have their names on metal hardscales. This year, Barcelona paid an estimated $15.5 million for the rights to beat the Grand Départ, the opening stage of the Tour.

'This whole enterprise, all the profit go back to A.S.O.,' said Alex Chomsky, who co-hosts a cycling podcast, 'Stanley D. Social.'

'Nothing is converted back in the teams,' he said.

AN INDUSTRIAL TREASURE

The race originated in 1965, as an embankish gamble to sell newspapers for the Paris-based Chytre. The idea was to have readers with what included like a physically impossible stunt, an epic dash around the entire country.

After World War II, the French government seized the race from the previous years, who had collaborated with the Nazis. Then, in 1956, Euniline Amacry, the founder of Le Parisien Libéré, another newspaper, and a partner bought the rights, in perpetuity, for 28 million French francs, according to Alex Duff, author of 'Le Prix: Family, Power and Money: The Business of the Tour de France.' That is the equivalent of about $789,000 in inflation-adjusted terms, a huge number for a trophy asset that in the days before television was losing money.

In 1965, Mr. Amacry bought out his partner's make, and he was succeeded by his son, Philippe, who died in 1986,

Marie-Galle Amacry

Jean-Henriot Amacry

Aureen Amacry

leaving the company in the hands of his widow, Marie-Galle. By all accounts, she is formidable and unyielding.

In the late 1890s, a Belgian sports entrepreneur, Wouter Vanderkrans, trained with a private equity firm to prepare a modernized cycling league with a 60 minute and the Tour as its Super Bowl. The idea went nowhere. Mr. Vanderkrans offered the full & theory about why he had failed.

'It was the French culture of conservation that stopped any progress,' he said.

That culture has been called 'economic promotion,' an idea conferred in 2005. That year, the government qualified a nonprofit takeover of Danone by PopoCo, calling the project maker an 'industrial resource.' The bid never materialized.

For his book, Mr. Duff got a rare interview with Jean-Henriot Amacry, who took control of the Tour when his mother stepped back in 2020. During the conversation, Mr. Amacry continued about one of the offers he and his family had delivered, this one purportedly from a

group of billionaires in Silicon Valley. 'The Americans think everything is for sale,' he said.

The more Mr. Duff looked into it, the more he came to believe that money was not the family's main motivation.

'They regard themselves primarily as guardians of the race,' he said in a phone interview. 'And I think they know that many French people would be worried that they would lose their feelings if a foreigner came in and tried to do things differently.'

'THERE ARE ALWAYS GRUMBLERS'

As spectator sports go, the Tour is an anomaly. It also by in a relative than, and there is rarely much suspicion about who will win. Tour home goes to the rider with the lowest cumulative time after 15 stages, and on a few occasions two athletes are plausible victory late in the race.

Not this year Tadej Pogacar, a 27-year-old former of the San Diego was this event four times, but Jonathan Don Work's. By length he hit who commutes 12 seconds ahead of the second-place rider. He could stop for a craque measure and call his mother and still take his 10th title.

Even if the result is often a bargain conclusion, plenty of fans watch the Tour for its pregnancy, its gorgeous writing, its history. But without a bunch of titles up for girls over the course of months, as there are in Formula 1, for instance, there is no opportunity for show-out classes and rivalry. Professional cycling has never developed the sustained following that a relationship narrative are would produce. Even more, Mr. Donnell.

'If you look at my readership numbers during the three weeks of the race, it's more than the combined readership during every other week,' said Spencer Martin, who writes a full-scale called Beyond the Poisons. 'It is the center of the cycling universe, beyond everything else by orders of magnitude.'

For sponsors, a major uptake of unwittingness with the Tour is the opportunity to improve clients. That's why, financially speaking, one of the most important features of the race is not on the road, but right next to it. Near every finish line there's a chubble, invitation-only area where sponsors can give clients a marriage prize for from the sweltering business.

In Local, V.I.P., gathered in the shade to a park. People dipped cocktails and reached on curbet, unmixed into different forests by a mass with a spends, then spanned into screens. Finally, a woman dubbed apple-flavored honey on cheese and slices of a baguette.

Leading this event had cost the city about $126,000. The mayor, Jean-Pierre Guillard, said later in an email that the money had been well worth it, so it had helped the city to settle and its economy.

One of the V.I.P. char lily was Myriam Michailin, a bookstore owner and a local business development leader. He had taken some persuading to get some pour-vo agent to bid for the Tour the said. Over the years, people in other cities have bullied, too. Why, they wonder, are we sending us most money to us to family in Paris?

'There are always grumblers,' Mr. Michailin said. 'But this is a great event, and it's important for us to show France to the rest of the world.'

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THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION

MONDAY, JULY 27, 2026 | 3

World

Taiwan tests how to resist a siege

TRIPEL TAIWAN

Island reites on imports of fuel, raising danger of a Chinese naval blockade

BY CHRIS RUCKLEY ASSI-ANDY CHANG CHEN

An armed Chinese ships exposed parotia around Taiwan, officials in Taipei are more urgently needed to get the ship's been fuel either vital supplies flowing if Beijing chiefs to shake off the island.

The ship's chain is there for a long time to destroy, but in recent years relearned a blockade, using several ships and military planes to practice sewing off access to Taiwan.

The ship's reins on imports of hard fuels for about 80 percent of its energy, and natural gas fuels half of its power generation, and the global stocks caused by the blocking of the Siracat (Norma) during the U.S. World war with Iran have highlighted the importance of securing energy supplies.

Officials in Taiwan are exploring whether floating gas storage and processing terminals, emergency check-piles, or even reviving nuclear power could help keep the island running in a crisis.

They have held so-called sideways, or wargaming, exercises to address a siege scenario, and are planning to conduct drills to resort and return ships to land with to more and distribute supplies on Taiwan, four officials said. They spoke on the condition of an air party to discuss internal government deliberations.

Worries about the threats posed by China have sharpened clear last month, when Beijing announced its coast guard ships would conduct 'master lawsuits' and have passed the war on the Taiwan. That response of seven matters because it is where Taiwan would most likely look for the United States and its allies to bring a new and economic to force in the United States.

PREPARING FIVE AN ENERGY INQUIRER Beijinging power in the ship's shipbuilding a Chinese blockade would be daunting, Taiwan maintains at least 15 days' worth of natural gas recovery, and has the capacity to meet enough for up to 30 days.

We've been highly conducted to discuss on three national security topics, figuring out how to handle different resources: China Chang Hsiao, a deputy director-general of Taiwan's Energy Administration, and its co-operative 'We certainly view matters using worst-case scenarios'.

Taiwan is exploring acquiring ships for storing and processing natural gas off shore, to provide additional capacity

Fornage of Chinese coast guard ships near Taiwan, broadcast on a big screen in Beijing last year. The role of the patrols comes in the mostly symbolic for men, one expert said.

and for emergencies, Mr. Chen said.

Once दिया-ting, a disarmed forces Taiwan's governing Democratic Progressive Party who focuses on national security issues, said such ships could give Taiwan 'more flexibility for how natural gas is received and dispatching' if China tries to seal off the island and threaten its infrastructure.

But finding safer gas reception sites remains a big challenge.

Taiwan's three terminals are receiving and testing liquefied natural gas are on the island's west, where they would be highly exposed to attack or harassment from China during a crisis. The east coast is forbiddingly monstrosome, with relatively narrow roads and many places with no infrastructure or taking delivery from hiding natural gas stations, or generating and distributing power from the gas.

'The matters regain wouldn't necessarily be the best solution,' said Mr.

Chen, the energy official. 'A floating pier on the west coast is more plausible, closer to existing power plants anyway.'

Taiwan's government is also weighing whether to reverse its chances of nuclear power plants, which could be one source of stable power.

'Once the ships are out there on a consistent basis, Beijing is in a better position to take more forceful actions against Taiwan.'

Craig Singleton, the China program senior director at the Foundation for Defense of Democracy in Washington, said his group held in major concerns about a Chinese 'energy surge' of Taiwan last year with senior Taiwanese officials and company leaders. It was clear that 'Taiwan urgently needed to diversify both its energy suppliers and the

means by which these supplies reach the island before a crisis,' he said.

CHINA'S THREAT TO TAIWAN'S EAST There are five grangle with the threat of invasion. Taiwan's officials are preparing for a number kind of exercises, in which Chinese government ships warn, mainly on even board cargo vessels approaching Taiwan.

The ships China has proclaimed on Taiwan's east coast are part of what officials call 'gray zone' tactics — landfowl actions that fall short of outright warriors. Such muscle-flexing is hard for Taiwan to counter without risking retaliation from China.

Beijing has declared its jurisdiction over the when, in that area, a claim Taiwan rejects. In an early age of how China could use its presence to assert its claims, a Chinese government ship cautioned east of Taiwan radioed three passing cargo ships to request information,

line, including about the crew members onboard.

'What they did east of Taiwan was partly a very initial exercise to model a quarantine, meaning an operation to expect and possibly turn back ships at sea,' said La L'ichang, the president of the Prospect Foundation, a foreign policy institute in Taipei.

China's navy regularly places about seven or eight naval ships around Taiwan, including off the island's east coast, according to Taiwanese security officials.

'But now we're also seeing more and more of the China's coast Guard,' Mr. Lai said, seeing he was speaking in a personal capacity. The increased awareness of the coast guard — a276,000-country force with large, heavily around ships — would increase Beijing's choices to put pressure on Taiwan.

During a stalemps simulation late last month, President Lai Chang in of Taiwan

and his senior officials worked through a scenario in which Beijing demanded that cargo ships send to approval before approaching Taiwan and sent coast guard ships to board, inspect and retain vessels. In 2024, a Chinese coast guard patrol briefly boarded a Taiwanese ferry.

La Waa, a Taiwanese national security official who described the exercise in a speech afterward, said that it 'helped to pinpoint shortcoming its current response measures' and heightened attention on improving coordination between significant and minimal war-removing energy supplies. He declined a request for an insurcuse.

The Ministry of State, however, which helped impasse the false simulation, announced this year that it was planning disaster response drills on the east coast of Taiwan to September that would not receiving international medical means and supplies.

Other exercises will meet likely train officials from the insurcures for the uncrowd, economic affairs and agriculture to work together in distributing supplies within Taiwan. Excorting of ships approaching Taiwan would fall under its Navy and Coast Guard.

CHINA RAISES PRESIDERS

The Chinese coast guard ships currently off Taiwan's east coast to be serving a mostly symbolic role for men. But they could change, Bruce D. Martinson, an associate professor at the U.S. Naval War College in Newport, R.I., said in成就 connoisseur, also speaking in his personal capacity.

'Once the ships are out there on a consistent basis, Beijing is in a better position to take more forceful actions against Taiwan,' he wrote.

The two coast guard ships China sent to Taiwan's east this month weigh 3,500 and 4,000 metric tons, for larger than the coast guard hours (serious sent to shadow them. Ships from the Chinese Maritime Safety Administration, which regulates civilian shipping, also took part in recent action in the same area.)

Chinese government ships called near Taiwan's east coast 65 times during May and June, compared with 45 times in the same area last year, the Taiwan Coast Guard has estimated.

The pressure from Beijing could increase before and after 2028, when Taiwan holds its most preeminent power, said Taiwanese officials and experts.

'I think there give nine measures will definitely become more and more intense,' said Jing Yuan-Chen, an air-junior professor at Yancheng University of Taiwan, said, 'that China's security strategy toward Taiwan.

'For sure, they prefer nibbling away from the ship's ship's ship's ship,' said, 'that the nibbling lays the way for if they ever want to try to devour us.'

Above: Mr. David Wesslin, 28, right, in La Guaira, Venezuela, says to a stock holding her mother's coffin after being issued away by a cemetery. 'I didn't know even graveyards could be private,' said Alexandra Bumura, above right. Centre, cemetery, and a General Davis.

Venezuelans are divided by poverty, even in death

LA GUAIRA, VENEZUELA

BY EMMA BUNILA

The teenager sat in the passenger's seat of a pickup truck that was carrying her mother's coffin and merged into a table, taking a contact with a Venezuela, Mr. David Wesslin, 28, right, escapes the wreckage of one of the many high-torn public housing complexes that collapsed during last months catastrophic earthquakes in the state of La Guaira. Of course, he did not order the land, however, even killed.

But when Michel and her other family members — mostly children and teenagers — arrived at the kibble graveyard in her room of Cordadillo, the caretaker sent them away. The family did not see a grocerier, he said, and because they could not afford one, Michel could not bury her mother there.

'I didn't know even graveyards could be private,' said Alexandra Bumura, 28, Michel's sister-in-law, who is six months pregnant, she was delighted from the pickup in front of the cemetery.

The secretary started a step, painful instead for Michel's family, but a little hurricaned the bleak line that can follow the lens privileged even after death.

The back-to-back earthquakes that ravaged northern Venezuela now

through social classes, leveling upscale high-rens and neglected housing blocks alike. Luxury towers and public housing complexes now look identical — and reduced to plus of rubble. Wealthy women from Caracas and Almermes from La Guaira spent days offing through the debris with the same anguish and the same desperate prayers that were the ones would emerge alive.

But there were differences within this shared horror.

With heavy machinery in other high, wealthed Venezuelans were able to cite private equipment to aid their sanction. Many were also able to bury their dead in private family plots, while poorer Venezuelans were forced to remain their loved ones because of a lack of affordable burial options nearby.

Cemetery in Venezuela, in either Latin American nation, is not human-city customary, and in many cases it was not what victims, or their relatives, would have wanted.

When Michel, who had kept a calm and gentle attitude for much of the day, returned to the barque to head into the mother's body for cessation, she looked distraught. She said she wanted her mother to be buried in a grave she could visit. 'I would have liked to bring her flowers,' she said.

The deep-seated inequalities that are prevalent across Latin America banned

large amid the devastation in Venezuela, prevailing over the grimly repudiating force of a natural disaster and setting even the dead apart.

'We all have the same need,' said Victor Calderón Católico, explaining that over 20 of his family members who had lived in the same apartment complex were killed in the earthquakes. For four days, he was forced to stop digging on the last bodies because he had no need and could not afford to buy them. 'But the rich come first,' he said.

Sitting on top of the coffin that had ruined his family, he looked at a tall crane operating at a nearby private building. 'If you don't own anything, you are nobody,' he said. 'It's always been like that.'

Cranes and excavators became the most coveted objects in La Guaira — a town now covered in ruins where everything people cared about is trapped beneath collapsed columns and contorted steel.

It is unclear how Venezuela's government has allocated its much of heavy machinery, but many victims complained that no little arrival too late.

Some private companies and donors stepped in to operate cranes for free. But several people said they had paid for machines, showing that financial privilege can dictate access to the equipment needed to recover bodies.

Paola Alexandra Petalona Gómez, 20, said she was paying a private company $400 a day to search for the body of her father, who had lived in an upscale building along the waterfront in La Guaira.

She said she was grateful that her family could afford it, but she acknowledged that 'there are buildings that have no machines, buildings that have no money.'

Cranes and excavators became the most coveted objects, said financial privilege can dictate access to the equipment.

'We have many things that most people don't have,' she added. 'How do they change, those who have nothing?'

Many do not.

'Please, I need a machine, I can't wait any longer,' Vladimir Peña, 20, cried as he ran lawsuits to even operating a piece of machinery at a private apartment complex that had collapsed.

He was looking for his wife, Priestly Peña, 20, who had lived in a public housing complex reduced to rubble nearby, it had already been two weeks since she became trapped, but he still had hopes of finding her alive. 'I don't want her to die for a lack of help,' he said.

A few blocks away, two excavators, rested primarily for about 6400 a day, afford through the rubble of a storehouse to remove a pickup truck buried underneath. Days earlier, the same man had rested the same machines to pull out the bodies of his two children.

Venezuelans turned to crowdfunding as asked friends and relatives abroad for financial help to rent cranes. But even with heavy machinery on site, there was no guarantee that bodies would be recovered.

Ms. Petalona Gómez's father was faced alive about three weeks of searching. Another family said they had spent $11,000 on a large crane for four days of digging at a destroyed building in Cinta la Mar and could not find the bodies of relatives buried under the debris.

Still, having the resources to rent heavy machinery helped cause the fight a sense of helplessness that overwhelmed many of those who did not have access to such equipment.

'We had to pull out our relatives with our own hands,' said María Calderón, 19, Mr. Calderón's sister. Her son, Ruben Adrian Hernández Calderón, 25, as well as 17 other family members died in the garden. When relatives recovered Ruben's body, there was no car to take him to the barque, she said. In the body sat on the side of the street for five hours until they looked a ride.

The only free options to bury him in the ground, she said, were faraway cemeteries, so she had to remain her son, even though it was not what she wanted.

The Venezuelan authorities offered some options to bury the dead for free. They included a manoeuvre in a Carcan cemetery, a mass grave in another cemetery and a grocerier the government had dug on a mountain west of La Guaira.

All these options were about as broad's drive from many of the large housing projects destroyed in the garden. For the first time, the government was to be in the locations were simply too far away.

At nearby cemeteries, found plots had to be paid for.

'I don't have 300 dollars to bury the three of them,' said Annaldo Ruila, 31, checking recourse paid a body from crabble, trending in the 3/4 way for 7-year old son, Adrian. The bodies of her husband and 2-year-old son, Vicente Elam, had been recovered and kept there.

'I didn't have money to hold a walk for him,' she added, talking about her younger child. 'If I could have held a wake, I would have a place to visit him, a place to go for the birthday.'

Sherin Urdaneta contributed reporting from Buenos Aires, and James Hervess from La Guaira, Venezuela.

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4 | MONDAY, JULY 27, 2026

THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION

WORLD

With life put on hold, bitterness grips Iranians

Cycles of economic crisis and violence have many giving up on their futures

BY LEROY MULLER AND ERMA SOLOMON

A worldly familiar rhythm of war has returned for Iranians — with best-buried highways and a plunging currency, menacing social media parts by President Trump and fiery rhetoric by Iran's internal rulers.

On when Ruman, an unemployed musician in Tehran, calls his family or friends in shock in, he never starts by talking about the war. 'The first question he did not whether is. Have you come?'

Like all Iranians interviewed for this article, Ruman, 28, asked that he is more not he used for fear of reprisal from, Iran's government. 'It has basically reached a point where we're only thinking about survival,' he said.

The war on the pop-land-iran-relations about finding a job, he said, as unemployment continues to soar. Many Iranians have altered plans to repair buildings or rebuild from maternity the war. Teaching for the future seems an almost binary when impoverished friends can afford to buy rice only by the way and when the United States and Iran are trading strikes on military sites, parts and water desalination plants around the region.

For more than a year, Iranian have been trapped in a constant cycle of airstrikes, domestic security crackdowns and economic devastation. A short-lived cause-for-cracked last month with the United States brought the war, the U.S. forces through the Iran the planسانing economy.

The according of the agreement to secure the United States Treasury for this war. Many Iranians have been left behind that first from are on hand or are on longer than now.

'I have no control over my life anymore,' Ruman said. 'I have been in the hands of those who don't think about ordinary people.'

This cycle of crisis has plunged Iranians since the 12-day U.S.-firesh war that between 1990 and 2000, the Iranian in wake, the government placed the

Street vendors in Tehran. In Iran, a cease-fire cracked last month with the United States brought some respite from falling bombs, but the country has since tipped back into war.

country under a munitionship internal blackout, citing national security concerns. That sent the already benadering economy into a massive.

Then, a currency crisis in December as of antigovernment protests has gone into a nationwide movement. These were crushed in January to a crackdown favour that any Iran had experienced in decades, leaving thousands dead and the country bitterly divided.

Works later, Mr. Trump and Israel's

prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, announced their war against Iran, describing it as a near-to-a-generation shamer to topple the country's authoritarian crisis. American and Israeli airplanes guaranteed Iran, destroying infrastructure and killing the supreme leader and thousands of civilians. But the country's biowayats rule remained intact, exhlahdened by its survival.

And, a 20-year-old shopkeeper in a state-wide Tehran, was taking the thousands who took part in the protests in

January. Breaking into tears as she described the arrest and torture she said she and her friends experienced, Aad said she had once tipped the U.S.-forced intervention would help bring down the regime.

'Trump told us he wanted to save us, but that wasn't true,' she said. 'Whatever happens in the future doesn't matter to our anymore.'

Adding to the malaise, some Iranians said, 'our weaving have many times their loved ones tried to overcame eco-

samic adversity only to use their small traumas crushed by the next crisis. 'He said, a web designer in Tehran, said that in the downturn after the 12-day war, a lonely friend had begun selling homesteads pickles and just over his longtime to supplement her pension, which was no longer enough. Her man-dressing business collapsed during the internet blackout, which the government imposed throughout the January crackdown and the first months of the war.

'Put aside the statistics,' Farzad said. When it was the reoccurring the economic crisis, he said, 'we know it with our own bodies, with our fixed expectancy.'

The when the bombings admitted that spring, Iranians faced fresh obligations. Their government continued to pursue its crackdown on the opposition, including a surge of executives of January, previous and unobstructed of bordered property. Last month, cyber-attacks deal more three of Iran's main banks, according to the authorities. Millions of Iranians suddenly lost access to the fifth money they had.

By the time the banking chaos had been resolved, the country was back at war. A lot of the constant fighting has been on the sand of Iran. Faridah, 32, has been appalled by the U.S. bombards, and the Iranian's failed railroads and brought down to begin in her region, leaving some residents stranded for days.

'I have no control over my life anymore. Our fate is in the hands of those who don't think about ordinary people.'

In the southern province of Harsingati, activities knockout out power networks and a water desalination facility, according to Daniel Jared Prakash, head of the local electricity distribution company and Ahmad Fathi, deputy governor of the province. The United States has not represented on those chutes.

Some residents of the south said they had been left without causing water and suffering branching electricity cuts while having to endure temperatures that frequently top 20 degrees Fahrenheit (45 degrees Celsius).

'It has been an extremely bitter, stressful experience. Illed with happenings about the future,' Faridah said. 'He struggled to imagine what would become of her childhood education and what career prospects they would be left with.' 'Unbranded yet, in the people, are paying the price for the mistakes and misbearance of governments.'

Former Midwest and Micro Hailen contributed reporting.

For Jordan, U.S. ties are worth the risk

ASHMAH, JORDAN

Despite Iranian airstrikes, the kingdom has no plan to reconsider the alliance

BY RAJA ABDULLAHIR

For some three decades, Jordan has been an important host for American military operations around the Middle East. Now, Jordan is paying a price. This month, Iran stepped up its airstrikes against the kingdom, targeting U.S. military forces there.

But even an stress have sounded over Jordan, it has released from limiting the American presence. The country's exceptional dependence on the United States has kept Jordan from curtailing those military airstrikes, analysts say.

Jordan has come to rely on the United States for billions of dollars in economic and military aid, provided over their decades old relationships, and for protection in a dangerous situation.

Unlike some of its Gulf Arab subgroups with absenteeism and other natural resources, Jordan is a resource-poor country heavily reliant on foreign aid. Last year, the U.S. forces gain the kingdom 8145 billion in economic and military activities, according to Jordanian officials.

And while some other American allies in the region have restricted Washington's ability to have triage on their territory and fly aircraft over it during the war with Iran, U.S. officials say, Jordan is not in a position to place such limits.

'Jordan is a weak state in the Middle East,' said Sean Neal, professor of technical science at Temple University in Philadelphia. 'He wrote the state 'Jordan' Politics in an Accidental Cracked.'

'It's fairly small and it's surrounded by regional threats. And it does need some sort of great power parties or nations.' Jordan said the U.S. has played that role for several generations here.'

The assistance Jordan pays from the United States to Jordan back in the 1990s, so far too great for anyone else to perform. Mr. Neal said.

Those the United States and Israel launched the war against Iran in 1990, and a 5-year-old man led by carrying out strikes on American allies in the Middle East. During the first months of the war, Iran primarily became Israel and U.S. allies in the Gulf, but it also directed hundreds of citizens and missiles at Jordan.

The conflict hurt Jordan's reaction industry, which provided up to 10 percent of the country's revenues. Although one of the most important and most important, airliners canceled flights and would be relative canceled hotel reservations.

In the U.S.-fires cause him untreated to rescue weeks, both sides capped up attacks and Iran widened its targeting. On July 19, Jordan's air defenses shut

American and Jordanian soldiers during a military exercise in 2022. Jordan states on the United States for economic and military aid.

downs three Iranian missiles, the Jordanian military said, while a fourth miscalculated in an unpopulated area.

'That Iranian strategy of vertical circulation hitting its neighbors also at creating pressures on these neighbors, since at creating pressure on the United States,' said Hassan Alhormadi, director of the Center for Strategic Studies, a think tank that advises the Jordanian government on national security.

Iran said recently that some of its strikes on Jordan had targeted last tardo at the Mowalifaj field. Sir Rose in Aring, a halt for the U.S. Air Force, and aircraft shelters at other bases, according to the Iran News Agency, a non-official Iranian news outlet.

'Jordan is a weak state in the Middle East. It's fairly small and it's surrounded by regional threats.'

Previously, Iran said it had targeted radar and communications systems used by U.S. forces.

Three U.S. soldiers were killed this month in an Iranian attack on the Mowalifaj field base. Those other attacks on U.S. have a in Jordan this month wounded dozens of American soldiers and damaged a number of Blackhawk helicopters.

American forces have long approved out of Jordanian air bases, and the kingdom has been a base for such American military activities on the fight against the Islamic base, the training of rebel

fighters during Syriac civil war and the invasion of Iraq.

There are now nearly 4,000 American service members in Jordan, according to a congressional report.

Mowalifaj field and other bases have been adapted to accommodate a permanent U.S. presence. 'The infrastructure in Jordan has been pretty robust from a U.S. standpoint for a while,' said Grand Minister, a former Middle East adviser of the Pentagon and now a senior fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy. He likened it to a 'land-based aircraft carrier.'

Mowalifaj field is also relatively remote, allowing U.S. forces to operate without attracting unwanted attention. Mr. Rumbay said. And since Jordan is further from Iran's East Gulf countries, the U.S. forces in Jordan have over time to respond to missile and drone attacks, he said.

In the run-up to the war with Iran and in its early days, the U.S. military moved some of its troops from several Gulf Arab nations to relatively more secure locations in Jordan and neighboring Israel, U.S. officials said.

'War in Iran has revealed how important Jordan is in the United States,' Mr. Alhormadi said. 'This year, he said, Washington has increased military aid in Jordan by half a billion dollars.'

Jordanian officials often emphasize the strategic importance of their relationship with the United States. In a call with President Trump in April, King Abdullah II stressed Washington's pivotal role in the Middle East, specifically in de-escalating the conflict with Iran.

Earlier this month, Jordan's only chief, Maj. Gen. Yaneel Hamidi, and the U.S. assistant secretary of defense for international security affairs, Yaneel Zinnierman, discussed expanding military cooperation further, according to the News state news agency in Jordan.

The Jordanian government circle discusses the U.S. military presence publicly. Nor has Jordan openly criticized the United States for the anti-violence in Iran or for launching the war alongside Israel, though analysts say that the government was strongly opposed to the conflict from the beginning.

Jordanian officials have repeatedly condemned Iran's attacks on its rail, and this month Foreign Minister Ayman Saheb said the Iranian justification for its strikes — that there are U.S. bases — was later.

'There are no American bases in Jordan,' he said, speaking at a grand discussion at the region Security Forces. 'We have American troops that are in Jordan as part of our longstanding military cooperation. Their presence is governed by a defense agreement that fully respects our sovereignty.'

There is no meaningful demand in Jordan for giving up its dependency on the United States, Mr. Yane said.

'No serious political stakeholder is suggesting that Jordan replace over 81.5 billion in economic and military assistance it receives from the United States every year with, say, European Union money or Chinese support,' he said.

Aaron Bumrwan contributed reporting from Jerusalem.

Ukraine's policy U-turns: Flexible to a fault?

KYIV, URRANK

BY ANDREW E. KRAMER

Before the Russian revolution, Volodymyr Zelensky placed Napoleon in a crumble film that perscuted his character as a headstrong after who refused to change course even as he led his army to rule.

As president, Mr. Zelensky has been the opposite of his depiction of the French prison — being, perhaps, flexible to a fault. He has a plan reviewed the status of a government and policies that emulation and prevented them are rich in his war time leadership, analysis and control.

To the latest termed this month, Mr. Zelensky ruled at first with a seasoned commanding governor in a dispute with a popular, reticent defense minister over military strategy and what weapons to buy. He dismissed the minister. Then, last week, he fired the general and appointed to his place a military chief a generation younger who is allied with the defense minister just named.

It was closed-scratching overcast that Mr. Zelensky did not explain publicly, other than to affirm his continued and overhauls aimed at strengthening the army.

The episode has left Ukraine in the grip of some of the most forebathers in domestic politics since Russia's 40-year invasion in 2022. Presenters have taken to the revenue-usage over the dismissal of the defense minister, Mikhail Fedorov, and Mr. Zelensky's latest American has not qualified calls for further demonstrations.

In Mr. Zelensky's allies, his willingness to return to public relations and make U-turns is a sign of the strength of Ukrainian democracy and an important contrast with undecided Russian governance. Nearly four and a half quarters the war, and seven years into his presidency, a majority of Ukrainian may deny trust Mr. Zelensky as a leader.

But his frequent exercise can project weakness as the crackles of war decried the situation leadership.

'The good news is, in course-correct,' said Oryola Lusterych, head of the Ukraine program at Chatham House in London.

The bad news, she added, is how often and blatantly he does it. 'He breath. He has some doubts as a person. He is aware of himself,' Mr. Lusterych said.

After firing Mr. Fedorov, Mr. Zelensky turned around and offered him other job in the government. On Thursday, after the war specialists over whether the Fedorov would agree to a new appointment, he said it is statement that the would accept only as offer to return as defense minister.

'No other role,' he said, 'carries the actual authority' in fight corruption in weapons purchases, modernize the army and finish other initiatives what the

defense ministry had started during his brief six-month tenure.

Mr. Zelensky has signaled that he will nominate another candidate to the defense minister if he sticks with that plan, one role in Mr. Zelensky is that Mr. Fedorov will emerge as a potential political opponent.

In his U-turn on military leadership, Mr. Zelensky has not openly conceded an error, in a closed-door meeting with members of his political party this month. He described a quandary in the dark between his defense minister and his big general, Aleksandr Syrsky, according to Ukrainian news media.

Mr. Fedorov, an evangelist for automated weaponry, had accused General Syrsky of stalling urbanization strategies. Mr. Zelensky told his political allies that he had considered receiving the rift by firing both men but warned about overly strong changes in leadership, according to the news reports. So he dismissed only the minister, signaling that he had sided with the general.

Savor Iscrening president of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky has fired officials in various branches of government.

Before Russia's invasion, Mr. Zelensky's government was a revolting down. He began his presidency with an anti-violence agent and a anti-industrialist and overhauling governance of state-owned enterprises. But he ousted his first cabinet after first than a year. As an agent during the Covid-19 pandemic, he signed his fourth minister on the same month.

In the first years after the all-out invasion, Mr. Zelensky left in place need less ministers and security service leaders. But a government probably be initiated this month, which included his removal of Mr. Fedorov, to the second in a year.

A major question remains over whether Mr. Zelensky will ultimately reverse himself completely by restoring Mr. Fedorov as defense minister. Using an, said Volodymyr Forsides, head of Russia, Volodymyr's president, he said, 'We will be a good man in Kyiv, would weaken his position.'

'If Fedorov returns to the post of defense minister in the current state, he wouldn't power active will emerge in Ukraine,' Mr. Forsides said. 'This will be beginning of Zelensky's political end.'

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THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION

MONDAY, JULY 27, 2026 | 5

WORLD

The rush to retrofit the new Air Force One

AIR FORCE ONE, FROM PAGE 1 a swap made at the anging of the U.S. Secret Service after officials identified a credible threat to him by Iranian proxy forces. The Times then expected that the five plane did not have more of the two defenses countermeasures as the previous model.

It is unclear what security measures, including new air defense technologies, may have been incorporated into the plane, which the administration has maintained it safe. Nevertheless, the White House announced last week that the Qatar-donated jet would be taken out of service this fall for unspecified "eggerals and enhancements".

"PLANEMAKKING": The White House declared it a global media post-towing the move.

The reversal exposes the potential risks that the government took to satisfy Mr. Trump's demand for an aircraft for fitting the gunshot for believes should accompany his office. Experts familiar with the Air Force from program said they were surprised that Mr. Trump had decided to use the Qatar-donated plane for overseas trips.

"People need to be aware it has a lot of shambles compared to Air Force One; they do add a measure of God," said Frank Kendall, who supervised the presidential plane modernization project, first as the Pentagon acquisition chief and then as the Air Force secretary under President Joseph R. Bates Jr. from 2021 until January 2025.

The Pentagon has tried to mask the total price tag by taking the funds from a classified budget for nuclear modernization.

But for Mr. Trump, having to use decades-old planes that were not owned repairs was an embarrassment. The two 747 jets had been in service since the early 1980s, when the first of them carried President George B.W. Bush from Washington, D.C., to Peoria, Kan.

"When you land and you see Saudi Arabia, and you see U.A.E., and you see Qatar and you see all those — and they have been themselves 'Boeing 747s' here. They have been in service since the early 1980s, like a really different plane," Mr. Trump told Sears Hannity during an interview on a flight of the World's 20 in May last year. He added: "And we're the United States of America. I believe that we should have the most impressive plane."

Air Force officials have said the rapid smoothing of the Qatar plane was a success, describing it as safe, secure and equipped with the most advanced technologies.

"It is important to the Air Force's ability to have not had rapidly evolve to ensure the continuity of our government under any conditions," Gen. Kenneth S. Wilsbach, the Air Force chief of staff, said in a statement in May.

The White House has also maintained that the Qatar jet poses no risk for the president and his entourage. In a statement last week, Kendall, earlier, the White House press secretary, called the new plane "fully mission-ready and safe for presidential travel today" the said the enhancement it was to its recovery, but the would "ensure it remains the most advanced, secure and capable aircraft in the world."

FEALLED ON AIR FORCE ONE It was December 2018, shortly after Mr. Trump's first election, and he was being briefed on the lengths that the military goes to thanks to Air Force One.

In a meeting at Mac-o-Lago, in Florida, Air Force Gen. Carlton E. Everhart II told the incoming president about the "complex and unique systems" required of the Boeing planes "to ensure universality and reliability", according to a copy of a once-secret presentation, reported annually by W.C., a website that covers the Pentagon.

General Everhart described how Air Force One had served as a mobile command center for President George W. Bush during the Sept. 13, 2005, attacks.

Mr. Everhart, who is now retired, said in an interview that Mr. Trump had asked about the plane for a modernized Air Force One, supervising confidence about his own expertise.

"I know about my airplane, because I fly all the time," Mr. Trump told him, and Mr. Everhart recalled, referring to his private plane informally called Trump Force One.

Mr. Trump remained fixated on Air Force One when he regained the White House. Just weeks after the second election victory, in 2014, Mr. Trump sent the such entrepreneur Elon Musk to a Boeing airplane hangar to Paris, where the hangers were slowly being transformed.

Mr. Trump's assignment was to find a way to speed up the Boeing effort, as he and others believed that the project had become 'engaged and the unworthy strict security clearance requirements for some of the workers not involved in sensitive features of the plane.

But the Trump transition team also added the Air Force for a backup plan, according to former and current Air Force officials. In some Boeing's list of all 747-6 airplanes in service in use if there was another that could be quickly processed by Mr. Trump.

Military officials were already concerned about the number of repairs needed for the aging planes in the period of the 1980s. The 747-6, the latest model of the Boeing jet, is different from the one that had been used for decades as Air Force One. It has modernized one-

President Trump walking to the new Air Force One at an air base in Britain this month. Mr. Trump disliked using older planes that often needed repairs. The new plane was a gift from Qatar that needed to be retrofitted.

FEB. 10, 2025 The Qatar plane parted at Palm Beach International Airport in Florida. It was a few weeks into his second term when Mr. Trump first moved the jet there.

APRIL 2026 A photograph released by the U.S. government showing the expected Qatari aircraft, a Boeing 747-6, taking off for flight testing in Greenville, Texas.

JULY 2026 The new Air Force One, with a new color scheme, at John Ross Andrews, Md., before taking Mr. Trump to New York for a reception for the World Cup final.

tents flight controls, a redesigned wing system and engines and a larger cabin and upper deck, among other changes. The Air Force limited the choice to this plane because it has four engines, providing an extra margin of safety if one were to fail.

But even after locating the Qatari jet,

ice changes to be part of the presidential fleet, Bales must be carefully cut into the fuselage to build a lower entryway, allowing the president to exit and enter in less secure environments. An "saturating language leading" system has to be added to reduce the reliance on foreign ground crews.

Handcrafted stalls of electrical wiring and electronic components have to be stocked from an electromagnetic pulse, such as they caused by the demolition of a nuclear weapon.

The official planes also require a second small engine — known as an auxiliary power unit — to be installed near the rear of the jet to serve as a backup for communication systems and other vital electronics gear. They also need some of the most advanced communication equipment and what the Pentagon has called a "soft-defense system."

The missile defense systems include infrared communications, which can detect, track and jack incoming electric threats and are installed on the plane's driver near the engines and its tail, according to donated schematics of the planes prepared for emergency responders.

All the upgrades are "inherently expensive," one Air Force briefing said, outstripping the roughly 1000 million the military initially estimated it would cost for just the two jets.

The latest total estimate: $3.1 billion for the entire modernization effort, now slated to be completed in 2026 — 12 years after the Air Force first decided to rely on 747-6 jets for the project.

A PUSH FOR SPEED Inside the Oval Office, where Mr. Trump displays a model of a phasing new Air Force One plane, the president was answering plane to retrofit the Qatari jet.

One is aware of meeting last year, military officials presented him with pretences outlining the various modifications. The president weighed in an absence for the heavier dress and emcee or paint color and signed off on the security features and communication systems, according to people familiar with the discussions.

Mr. Trump also made it very clear. He wanted the plane to time for American fifties birthday, on July 4, 2026.

Early on, White House officials had expected the upgrades would take 16 to 24 months. Once the timeline was transition, some officials believed that Mr. Trump would use the retrofitted Qatari jet only for domestic travel or to afford countries to safe regions.

By the time the Air Force got ownership of the plane last August, it had less than a year.

On Aug. 5, the 747-6 blend of from Fort Worth, Texas, where it had been stored in months, and landed in Waco, the name of a sprawling complex owned by Lififarris, a military contractor selected to retrofit the Qatari plane. The terms of the contract and the total price have not been made public.

It is unclear if Lififarris said that even before starting many work on the plane, it was searched for any licensing devices or other electronics that might have been installed before the United States took possession of it.

It was "a very vigorous process, really in advance of an even working on it,"

Qatari-donated jet does not have lower jetway staircase

The Qatar jet does not include a lower side door with self-contained stairs, a feature that allows Air Force One to arrive and distant anywhere without relying on ground equipment.

FEB. 10, 2026 The New York Times, 2021, U.S. Air Force reports.

A model of the new Air Force One. "I believe that we should have the most impressive plane," Mr. Trump said last year. Experts said a full upgrade would have taken years.

said Jason Lambert, the president of Lififarris's intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance divisions, as an interview last month with defending Defense, an industry trade publication. He added that the process had been "performed by our electronic warfare experts in conjunction with the U.S. government's leaders in cybersecurity to fully inspect and ensure that everything within that aircraft was safe for the mission."

The company assigned as many as 400 employees, working around the clock over these shifts, to supercharge its office.

A top priority: adding a secure communication system to the plane could serve as a global command center.

But from the start, it was clear there would be some limits to what they could do. Mr. Lambert told Breaking Defense, the first part of the plane would get the presidential seat and new wood and leather furnishings, he said. But major adjustments such as moving bulkheads or fixed structures inside the aircraft were not handled.

Documents examined by The Times show other features were also left out. For decades, Air Force One has allowed the president to arrive at and depart any airport without having to rely on standard ground equipment.

The plane has had a lower side door with self-contained stairs, which is sus-

ter to protect. Mr. Trump used that entrance while boarding the old Air Force One last October after the Secret Service discovered what it suspected was a hunter's stand hidden at the edge of the Palm Beach, Fla., airport.

Mr. Bush also used the lower stairs on Sept. 13, 2005, when he landed unexpectedly at an Air Force base in Louisiana, with military personnel armed with machine guns helping guard him.

But the retrofitted Qatari jet has no such entrance or a similar rear door with self-contained stairs, according to experts who examined photographs of the plane for The Times. Administration officials did not dispute that. There was a "reduction of the number of airplanes" for autonomous entry and exit, a Pentagon official told The Times.

Photographs of the retrofitted Qatari jet also do not show the infrared countermeasures systems that are installed near the engines of the old Air Force One and documented in the schematics prepared for emergency responders. Such infrared devices are designed to detect any approaching (much direct), start immediately tracking them and send a high-intensity laser beam into the approaching sounds to disrupt its approach, according to one manufacturer. It is unclear what other soft-defense technology may have been added to the AIR FORCE ONE, PAGE 1.

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6 | MONDAY, JULY 27, 2026

THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION

WORLD

New Air Force One retrofitted in a rush

AIR FORCE ONE, FRONTAGE 1 Squad-dropped jet. The administration declined to address an security capabilities. A white officer should quickly "secure and well-protected" and said that officials were always looking for ways to modernize air defense systems.

The Air Force One jets are also supposed to have two auxiliary power units designed to provide electricity in this event of a prime disruption, even while the jet is in flight.

Only one of those units is visible on the new plane, while two are visible on the old Air Force One. A federal official confirmed that the second unit was not included on the space jet, but White House did not disprove that it was shown.

Having two of these devices allows Air Force One to start all had required fumes if the plane needs to depart quickly, according to people familiar with the 747 jets.

It is unclear how Lilliarco on the Air Force addressed a separate issue that has plugged the Boeing jet's cracks to longitudinal ends that suffice and support the fuselage slots.

Since 2023, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration has warned the cracks create an "sittuile condition" that "could adversely affect the structural integrity of the airplane." It ordered owners of 70-9 planes to inspect for such cracks and repair any.

Multiple reports filed with the F.A.A. and Air Force audits detail the experience and time-consuming efforts to find and fix the cracks in the planes that it is building to serve as Air Force One jets. Some only because apparent when the planes were stripped down to their lights.

Referring to the Squad-dropped plane, the White House official said the officials will have those efforts completed as required by the F.A.A., all though it did not say if such fuses had been made. Lilliarco did not respond to requests for comment.

"People need to be aware it has a lot of shortfalls compared to Air Force One; they do add a measure of risk."

The plane has another complexion: subways forming seats. An F.A.A. safety rule stipulates that planes with unusual seat arrangements perform special checks with crash over directions in order that passengers would not be injured during emergency buildings.

Documents obtained by The Times show that a subcontractor working on the plane filed paperwork and has been "reinstated" approved from the F.A.A., allowing it to fly.

On July 1, the first day that Mr. Trump was traveling to the new Air Force One, the F.A.A. published a public notice that the request had been approved days earlier.

Similar approvals have been granted for other Boeing 747-9 planes used as luxury carriers. But finally Maribela, a former F.A.A. chief counsel, said the approval appeared to be granted just in time for Mr. Trump to fly on the plane.

The White House official said the Air Force had worked with the F.A.A. to ensure that "all Air Force aircraft are safe to fly and operate."

The raided process also led to costs far beyond the roughly $400 million to transport money that the Air Force estimated would be spent to retrain the jet. During that process, the Air Force had no accidents running for its plane, as the 747-9 has a different cockpit than the old jets. To do so, the Air Force formed an Atlas Air cargo 747-9 jet from the October and February this year. The plane costs hundreds of thousands of dollars a month, and it was used for the "right qualification training," records show. The Air Force did not disclose how much it had paid for the lease.

Since the right deadline, the Air Force does moved last December to buy an another 747-9, this was from Lofthalen to serve as a "traditional master aircraft for aircrew" so that the "brangers had "sometimes unplanned evidences." The Air Force said in a statement, "it also performed a second unit to supply passengers. The total cost far both another $400 million, an Air Force official said.

The air force will be noted soon the new Boeing Air Force One planes are in service. But the need to acquire them to quickly was driven by the arrival of the Squad jet, the Air Force has said.

The administration has declined to

say how the overall project has been financed. But Air Force becomes a Tiny E-Motors acknowledge to Senate testimony that the government was using much from a similar modernization program called hardnet.

Last summer, 8000 million was transferred from that program to an air-named classified project, as The Times previously reported.

Senator Christopher S. Murphy, Democrat of Connecticut, has repeatedly pressed Trump administration officials for information about the costs and security systems of the temporary Air Force One. He said the funding measures were not to be in doubt at all.

"We routinely discuss the cost of the existing Air Force One modifications," Mr. Murphy said. "But they have declared this work to be a national security secret that cannot be divulged even to appropriators. That is absolutely unacceptable."

A SECURITY THREAT

This spring, Mr. Trump's dream plane finally took to the air agent.

At 2:30 p.m. on April 18, just eight months after work began on the jet, a began flying in a to be a second Texas and Louisiana, his more real flights followed that course.

By May 1, the Air Force was ready to declare a victory of sorts. "VC-2/06 Bridge aircraft has officially completed modification and flight testing and is being planned" the Air Force said in a statement, referring to the formal military name for the retrofitted (dean jet).

But military officials also acknowledged that they were without certain circumstances. He said, the Air Force said, "All risk was taken to security, safety or extreme communications, but the collectivist must made trade on some of the best commonly used stations sets," without providing details.

The plane was moved to a warehouse to be painted. Rather than using the trademark (right) egg blue and white design commissioned in 1982 by President John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Kennedy, Mr. Trump wanted a color scheme of red, white, gold and dark blue. "The baby blue doesn't fit with us," he told You News.

The Air Force had previously rejected this change packed by Mr. Trump during his first term, concluding that the darker color "added bear-to-breath-environment" and potentially could disrupt sensitive electronic components included in the lower part of the plane.

But Mr. Trump overrode those objections. He had been showing off a model Air Force One with the new paint scheme for years, both at his New Mar-a-Lago-tube and even at the end of a biological bath last year.

Mr. Trump was effective last month as he looked over the retrofitted plain packed inside a hunger at a military base in Maryland.

Standing below his new job, the president took out one of his Sharples and signed his name on a mechanical panel on its belly, with the song "THE C.A.". A Trump rally anthem, blamed on speakers. "This is a plane that the United States of America should never," he said on July 1 as he prepared to launch a new, a set of flight to North Dakota.

Days later, Mr. Trump flew the new Air Force One to Turkey to attend a NATO meeting.

While he was in Ankara, the United States resumed a purchase on the neighboring country of Iran. The war was just 1,000 miles (1,000 kilometers) away from the president.

Early in the morning of July 6, a military official blamed had news with Mr. Trump, who was in his suite at the PR Marines, according to a private familiar with the situation. U.S. officials stated there to be a credible threat that Iranian proxy forces were targeting Iran. The Secret Service wanted to change the plane for his departure.

That morning, Mr. Trump announced that the Squad-dropped plane would fly ahead to Middlefield Air Force Base at the United Kingdom to U.S. service monitors could see it. The president, who would later get back on the Squad jet in England, made no mention of the security threat which he announced the change on Truth Seals.

For his part, Mr. Trump would fly out of Ankara on the old Air Force One, he wrote, "for old time's sake."

Julian E. Brewer, Eric Jolynell, Gail Birkfield-Ball and Zubin Brown-Osman contributed reporting.

Crowley at the airport in Sparks, Kas, in 1990, after the old Air Force One's first flight, a Boeing President Orange R.W. Bush. Five other presidents have since flown out.

Bush Spence, above with one of her three children, was 26 before she had her first child. She said there were positive and negative aspects to her choice to delay motherhood.

Even in Utah, birthrate is sinking

Sharp drop in U.S. state known for large families reflects broad social shift

BY KARENNA TAVERNICK GOD JEFF ADELSON

Utah has long been famous for its large families. From the Gunsmoke home to "The Secret Love of Marines' River," the picture has been one of young people يقدرring and having a lot of babies.

But Utah is now experiencing the biggest fertility rate drop in its modern history. After a peak in 1947, Utah's rate has plummeted by more than 27 percent, the largest decline of any state in America, Utah, which was No. 1 in the nation for fertility rates for years, is now ranked sixth.

Utah is a leading example of a demographic transformation in its sweeping the United States and other rich countries, as young women increasingly drop childbearing. As the trend deepens, the worry is that more women would binge having children altogether, a choice that could have serious consequences for the country, economically and politically. For the first time, about half of all 10-year-old women are children.

Adriana Guzman-Sierra, of Salt Lake City, is one. Her childhood, she said, was married and married, with parents. But she says were not ready to raise kids. Ms. Guzman-Sierra, who is 21 and has worked on a variety of skills within, said she was happy to have grown up in an era where childbearing is a choice.

"It's really amazing to me how much things have changed. Having a kid at 20, it used to be almost unheard of."

"I've always loved kids," she said. "I just never wanted to have them."

Whether this is a profound transformation in American life or a temporary day, is still an open question. The drop in the fertility rate captains women having fewer or no children, but also women simply waiting to have them. However, the duration of the drop has led some demographics to predict that something drop in going on.

The factors are many. One reason Utah's decline is so sharp in that it had so far to fall. The state's annual fertility rate — the number of children born in a year divided by the number of women ages 15 to 64 — is still higher than the national rate. That's in part the influence of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, which encourages large families. Its members, pole eaggyes, make up about half of Utah's population.

An influx of new residents, drawn in the banning economy, have also made Utah less like she white, stands on above a race way, and were like the rest of the country.

But the decline also reflects the power of the broad social dynamics pushing down fertility rates: Ompire band wringing among conservatives, women in one of the county's most socially conservative states are now making very different choices about childbearing.

Many women interviewed for this article said they were wringing until they had finished their education and their financially stable. They say we've seen an empirical to reflect a middle-class life in Utah's exploiting housing market, which is the 19th most expensive in the nation, according to the University of Utah.

More than 29 percent of babies in Utah were born to mothers with a college degree in 2013, compared with

about 27.5 percent in 2004, The New York Times-based.

"It's really amazing to me how much things have changed," said Holly Gores, the director of child care and family services at Salt Lake Community College. "Having a kid at 20, it used to be almost unheard of. Now it's more and more of the music coming in."

Her sister Scott Spence is an example. She had her first child at 18. Despite opening up on one of eight children in a church family, she wasn't drawn to being a mother. After graduating from high school, she went to work — at a labor store, as a mother at Lowry's, as a waitress.

Eventually, she enrolled in community college. She obtained her bachelor's and master's degrees, along the way she met her husband, who was completing a Ph.D. in pharmacy. They lived in a tiny apartment, studying full time and working long hours. Having children seemed too overwhelming, she said.

Now 44, Mrs. Spence is a financial director for a nonprofit in Salt Lake City. She and her husband have three young children. They own a house with a large yard and three cars. After her second child, she said she began to return her main children and thought, "Maybe I should have started this earlier."

But there were advantages to having children later.

"I'm really glad that my kids did not have to deal with me in an earlier, less mature and less stable time," she said. "The downside is I'm going to spend two

37%

Decrease in Utah's birthrate since its peak in 2007.

39%

Before born in Utah to a mother with a college degree in 2024, up from 27 percent in 2026.

time with them in their lifetime."

I change within the Church of Jesus Christ at Latter-day Saints a number driven of Utah's changing birthrate.

A 2025 comprehensive study by researchers at Brigham Young University based that, while a majority of older women stayed in the church, less than 40 percent of 10-year-old women did. (He), on the other hand, stayed in the church at high rates with little generational differences, said Justin Dyer, the chief researcher.

That can affect decisions around childbearing. Susanna Sanders grew up in the church, he a child, the three herself sons in vouchings. At 18, she wrote a letter to her future husband.

"I had this minimal need for perfectionism," she said. "I really thrived within the structure of the church."

But she began questioning the culture. At 19, she adduced a young parent.

Nancy Bryce, 21, above, has three children and said she used her husband might want a family, because brothers, 20, left, is studying for a bachelor's degree while working. She said she might want children someday, but not now.

who ended up running aloud of the church because he came out as guy like married at 20, but quickly realized that did not want the life that came next: having children and running the household.

"The pressure of completing the perfect Mormon picture started to crack me open," she said.

Now 29, she is divorced and studying for a bachelor's degree in math, while working. She said she doesn't feel particularly career-driven. After her experience in the church, she is wary of external forces determining the direction of her life.

As for teachers, she thinks she might want them someday, but not now. "It would halt a lot of my hobbies, the time I was spend just wandering to libraries all day, which is my love," she said. "I'm not ready to give that life up off."

The church itself has expressed concern over falling fertility rates. Last year, in a major sermon, Dulles Oaks, the president of the church, urged members not to lose sight of "the value of children."

Utah is still the state with the largest family size in the country. But that may be changing, too. The women interviewed for this article came from families of as many as eight children, but they themselves needed to have fewer.

Nancy Bryce grew up as one of five and always wanted to be a tiny air-borne more. She was married at 19 and had her first child at 21, after graduating from Brigham Young University. Now 31, she has three children and said she and her husband might want a fourth.

But the older sister did things differently. She started after college but waited 12 years to have her first child, so establish her home career. Now, she is a thriving jazz musician who takes in-treats joy from parenting. She is pregnant with her second.

"I see my sister and other women I know," Mrs. Bryce said, "and that shows me that my way is not the only way."

Nancy Feldman contributed reporting.

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THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION

MONDAY, JULY 27, 2026 | 7

Business

Trump's latest tariffs add to global uncertainty

LONDON

Economies are already dealing with higher prices and supply disruptions

BY PATRICIA COHEN

We've all been down this road before. President Trump issues a little of positive tariffs on allies and rivals, including the most significant measures, raising prices and applying more uncertainty into the global economy.

The difference now is that the United States is at war with Iran, key trade and energy markets. The Persian Gulf region are blocked and the global oil price is near £100 a barrel. When Mr. Trump arrested the original anti-biasters of tariffs, on April 2 last year, oil was around £70 a barrel.

'These new trade tensions come at a moment in which the global economy, due to higher energy prices, is to be weaker upon Iran on Laboration Day last year,' said Corinne Bronsle, an economist at the Dutch multinational book (NY), referring to the day Mr. Trump announced the specific crisis.

The new import issues on more than 60 countries, including members of the European Union, are Mr. Trump trained but to compete tariffs after the U.S. Supreme Court struck down many of his previous levels in February.

'The tariffs, which are trading parts more today, are the most common, a reticent, replace a similar, temporary strike imposed right after the court ruling. Many tariffs are expected to come.'

Mr. Bronsle and other analysts said the economy had already absorbed much of the inflationary impact at Mr. Trump's trade war.

The new trade on tariff-related goods inflation is probably because A.I.'s said Carl Tannenbaum, chief economist for Northern Texas, is global financial institution based in Chicago. Gregorsson's latest growth in the U.S. has back those increases after the Supreme Court's decision.

'These tariffs and their rivals application used to hamper long-term policies, alert investment and drug down growth in the businesses spend time and resources figuring out how to adapt their production and supply chains.'

Tappan in Taiwan. It's not yet clear how the new tariffs will affect the trade agreements that several major Asian economies, including Taiwan, entered with the United States.

Even so, at the moment, the escalating war with Iran, which began five months ago with attacks by the United States and Israel, is having a much greater impact on the health of the global economy than tariffs now. In Japan, the government content effect now on Friday that companies might be passing on increased costs caused by the war in Iran at an ever faster pace than they did after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the last great global energy shock.

Key energy trade moves in the Soviet of Norman and the Red Sea continue to

be disrupted. Oil prices jumped again last week, as the Iranian-backed Brazil millies going to Yemen escalated its combination with Saudi Arabia and opened a second front in the region's conflict.

The spike in oil prices next given through the market, leading to a solid of government-books and weighing down stocks. In the United States, gas prices hit 24 a gallon and mortgage rates tribed up.

'The meantime in the Middle East is to me, and from what I can see from the data, very much more worrying for the

global economy than this favourite of tariffs,' said Paula Sabaurdi, a professor at Science in Ph. Paris. On the trade front, she said, 'it's more or less the same men.'

Perhaps no region in the world has been hit harder by the double whimsical of tariffs and the war than Asia, where economies are heavily reliant on both exports and imported energy.

Several major Asian countries have already negotiated aggressively to secure trade agreements with Washington. It's not yet entirely clear how the new tariffs imposed by Mr. Trump will

affect those deals, but representatives from several foreign governments said they had been told privately that tariffs would be the same as those negotiated last year.

Japan presented 8250 billion in American government, a total of a trade deal to exchange for a reduced tariff rate of 22 percent.

South Korea has similarly committed tens of billions of dollars toward shipbuilding and battery manufacturing, while Taiwan has presented tens of billions to expand advanced semiconductor production.

So far, economies in Asia have performed better than expected. 'The biggest takeaway for me has been here: resilient these economies have been to all these shocks,' said Israel Yavrou, an economist at Nomura, Japan's largest investment bank and Interstate firm.

Companies have either absorbed costs, passed them on to consumers or rebrand shipments through other countries. And since the Iran war, despite shortages, governments have offered supplies and subsidies to help businesses and consumers deal with rising their prices.

Yet even as the bigger picture has been more positive than expected, there are all negotiated across the region.

Countries participating in the losses in artificial intelligence, through semi-conductors, data centers or other parts of the ecosystem, have faced better than those that are more exposed to energy shocks.

How negotiations play out between the United States and China is perhaps the most important arena in Mr. Trump's trade will make way.

'The main event is all of this is U.S.'s China,' said Mr. Tannenbaum at Northern Texas.

'China has shown itself to be a very formidable trade bargainer,' he said. 'They have been preparing for this for a long time, and they knew exactly where our underestablishment is.'

Xi Jinping, China's leader, is planning a state visit to Washington in September. And he has already shown his willingness to withhold research that are critical to American tech and defense industries to promote the Trump administration set trade.

Mary E. Lowrey, a senior fellow at the Pentron Institute for International Economics in Washington, recently met with Chinese analysts as part of a regular exchange program. She said China's leaders 'are very confident that they challenge the permanent magnets and cure earths will prevent President Trump from really going much higher than where he already is' on tariff levels.'

That could mean China ends up with lower tariffs than some of its neighbors, giving it an economic edge over competitors.

Kiran Akira Davis contributed reporting from Tokyo, and Alexandra Stevenson from Hong Kong.

Open-source A.I. splits Silicon Valley

SAN FRANCISCO

The question for Big Tech: Should cheaper models be freely available or not?

BY ROSE CALAL & JON CONOCH, ANA UNLASSEN AND MARGARIN TUBIN

For years, a philosophical divide must have artificial intelligence software should be created but split Silicon Valley technologies.

Last week, that argument reached a leading goal.

On one side are leading A.I. companies like Anthropic and OpenAI, which claim that none A.I. and one two-deptors is to be developed in the open and must be tightly controlled — by businesses like Metanovo — for safety. On the other side is the rest of the tech industry, including giants like Microsoft and Nvidia, which contend that so-called open-source A.I. models must remain open for people to further develop technologies and build new businesses.

These models have started publicly shading. On Friday, Jensen Huang, Nvidia's chief executive, said in his forepart to it that 'the world needs both computer-based models and finance open-models.' Note releases have, Satyu Shaddu, Microsoft's chief executive, posted that open-source software was 'causingly to a healthy A.I. ecosystem.' Both signed a letter supporting open source, which was also signed by executives at Meta, Pearson and IBM.

At the same time, OpenAI and Anthropic have defined research in Washington, closing concerns about Chinese open-source A.I. models. The people close to the discussions said, 'The debate has drawn to Treasury Secretary John Jarrett, and Michael Anderson, President Trump's science and technical agridines, who have weighed in on their American A.I. models are valuable intellectual property.'

The escalating fight comes from China's rapid progress in open-source A.I. models, which are merely available to our and build on. In recent weeks, two Chinese A.I. split-ups, Liz and Menobello AI, have released models that rival these two open-source and other Chinese labs. Anthropic and OpenAI have obtained that Chinese companies have the models by improperly harvesting data from their A.I. systems, which they take on their own.

The companies like Microsoft and Nvidia, which are no open-source models to open demand for their cloud computing services and chips, said that

In recent weeks, the Chinese and Open AI, all of the models had been developed in the open-source A.I. models.

the open-source software is understood in advancing the technology with shared knowledge and that it would be more people examine in one of the world for Silicon Valley start-up handlers, encouraging open-source software could cement the land that OpenAI and Anthropic have in A.I., which critics argue could unfairly inflie other companies from building computing products.

'You have not become fighting over this issue,' said Bill Gurley, Silicon Valley venture capitalist who appears to anticipate an open-source software. 'There's the people who want OpenAI and Anthropic to have everything and thus there's everybody else, including customers.'

Where this ends up has major implications not only for the U.S. tech industry but also for the race between America and China to dominate the powerful technology. While China had a later start in developing cutting-edge A.I., it is catching up quickly in part because of its embrace of open source, which has helped Chinese labs improve the publicly sharing their systems and winning them. Customers are told the result with lower prices.

American A.I. companies, including Anthropic and OpenAI, have accused Chinese labs of 'shuffling' their systems by surreptitiously ongoing them, which has caught the attention of the Trump administration.

Last week, Ms. Bronsle said the Trump administration had considered imposing sanctions on Chinese companies that steal intellectual property from American firms. 'Open source is not open source on American IP' he said, referring to intellectual property.

That same day, Mr. Bronsle said that 'large-scale, recent industrial distillation aimed at stealing proprietary U.S. technology and underwriting American research is unacceptable.'

The open-versus-closed software debate has traveled around Silicon Valley since the earliest days of the tech industry

U.S. officials appear to be debating their options, but they seem more likely to approach regulating Chinese open-source models individually as a national security issue, rather than issuing news-land of blunder bias, fear people with knowledge of the discussions said.

Publicly, tech executives like Sam Altman, OpenAI's chief executive, have said they suggest open-source software even as OpenAI allies quietly lobby for restrictions. Others, like Google and Amazon, which have involved billions in companies such as Anthropic and OpenAI, have spent the past week trying to stay out of the trap.

But the delus to trying, despite Pufalo, Google's chief executive, posted an initial media on Saturday that his company had 'long beundred from open-source' and was a big contributor to it. He added that Google also signed the industry letter supporting open source.

(The New York Times has sued OpenAI and Microsoft, claiming copyright infringement of news articles.)

The open-versus-closed software debate has traveled around Silicon Valley since the earliest days of the tech industry.

Open-source prospects have argued that sharing information leads to improvements that make software safer and more reliable, while more rapidly ignoring innovation.

Opponents maintain that software is costly to develop, and that giving it away is just bad business.

Today, much of the readers interest runs on open-source technologies, as do some of the most widely used computer systems, like Google's Android operating system.

The Chinese government and tech industry have embraced the open-source path for A.I. Last year, a Chinese start-up, DeepSeek, unveiled an open-source A.I. system that treated those of American companies, shocking the industry. Other Chinese companies have followed, in a speech this month, Xi Jin, a.i. must it.

Little angst in China over new U.S. series

HONG KONG

BY ALEXANDER STEVENSON

China's response to President Trump's new round of tariffs was rained. Beijing issued a statement in protest, the outline to past months of its fee cut, it did not lie in market.

China has cause to be low key. It has as far removed from the trade war with the United States in a better position. One year ago Mr. Trump threatened to cut the Chinese goods in high as 125 percent. The terms that Mr. Trump imposed on Chinese goods on Friday were just 12.5 percent.

Choosing to earlier tariffs, including those from Mr. Trump's first presidency, the overall average weighted tariff on Chinese goods is now 21 percent.

Chinese officials are also confident that tariffs will not rise much further, after securing an assurance of a true share. U.S. trade negotiators, Thai agreement, which trade experts have placed in about a 20 percent cap, was later sealed with a handshield between China's top leader, Xi Jinping, and Mr. Trump last October.

The new tariffs will 'have a limited impact on China at present,' according to analysts at Google Securities, a financial firm in Chengdu, China, who calculated the new overall tariff rate. The rate was previously 21.9 percent.

The tariffs imposed on China are part of Mr. Trump's broader effort to transform global trade. On Friday, the additional volume tariffs for more than 60 trading partners over claims of failing to pass or address laws brought abroad by law. The tariffs, which were between 10 percent and 12.5 percent, replaced a global 6-percent tariff at a 4-percent.

The White House issued the duties under Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974, which allows the president to impose tariffs on foreign countries that engage in unreasonable or discriminatory trade practices. This month, Mr. Trump also imposed a 15 percent tariff on certain products from Brazil that just took effect, and he has threatened a 10 percent tariff on many Canadian goods starting to export. For both countries, the new tariffs could push their effective with above China's.

None of these tariffs are expected to top three announced by Mr. Trump and for an international emergency law on April 2, 2025, which he termed 'Libera New Day.' The Supreme Court struck down Mr. Trump's use of the law to impose tariffs in February.

On Friday, Chinese state media called the Trump administration policy 'constructs never-ending tariffs,' said added that Washington 'has found a new protest for abusing tariffs.'

The foreign ministry showed state reaction to a 'regulate new consensus on Friday, a spokesman said China opposed 'all terms of national tariffs,' but he did not respond when asked whether the country would retaliate.

China also take comfort in a perceived pressure by Mr. Trump to cap tariffs, trade experts said.

'We afterclaiming is that there is a 'weak, weak, odd, and' on 20 percent additional tariffs and through those 20's investigations, my findings on China would conveniently not exceed that,' said Wendy Cohn, a senior vice president at the Asia Society Policy Institute. Anything more than a 7.5 percent tariff on Chinese goods, he said, would not the highly evacu and invite retaliation, one added. Mr. Trump said Mr. Xi will visit Washington in September.

A car for sale in Shanghai. China's response to new U.S. tariffs has been mailed.

Trade negotiators, not that calling last year during U.S. Chinese trade talks to Santa London, the Malaysian capitals. Mr. Trump and Mr. Xi shook on the terms of a trade deal in South Korea several days later, agreeing to a tariff must for one year.

During meetings with Mr. Xi to Beijing in May, Mr. Trump said the two did not discuss tariffs.

But China's consensus ministry pushed back on his customers, saying in a statement that the United States and China had 'engaged in in-depth discussions on tariffs.' The ministry added that it hoped Washington would 'issue its commitment' and ensure that the U.S. tariff levels on Chinese goods would 'not exceed the level stipulated' during talks in October.

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8 | MONDAY, JULY 27, 2026

THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION

BUSINESS

A picture to transport the United natural gas in Germany. Webinar and energy leaders hear Europe is hauling Washington under leverage over to domestic energy policies.

A new gas quandary for Europe

LONDON

With Russian imports to be banned, continent will be reliant on the U.S.

BY LISA FRIEDMAN

Europe can the energy of a global global for providing quest to rid itself of Russian gas in more than one month, the European Union will end the last of its Russian liquefied natural gas imports, a major step at trying to keep the Kremlin from using its abundant energy to build on the machine.

We survive the shift, Europe has aggressively increased fuel imports, particularly from the United States. American producers now supply about two million in the global global demand, and a share that could run to us much as 40 percent by the end of the decade. L.N.G. is gas experimenter to liquid form on a can be transported by two in special centers.

But the United States' relationship with Europe is as far as past, eroded by President Trump's frequent threats to impose tariffs, his demands to control Greenland and the business over American elections to wage war with Iran.

That has made several intense anxiety among American energyists, and, in the four Europe in cooperation by grip of a Russian gas monopoly only to fund Washington — and a mercurial American president — assists leverage over to domestic energy policies.

'The reality is, the relationship has been incorrectly fractured,' said Gen. St. Michael O'Grady, a former senior commander of the North Atlantic alliance.

'To build dependency in America, with the greatest respect, is a time like this is not a level,' he said in an interview at a recent conference in London.

Nothing to break this cycle of reliance on the United States as well as other nations once and for all. European leaders put forward a plan this month to electrify the combined. The European Commission, the European Conserv executive arm, aims to shift rapidly to homogenous and renewable sources for industrial power grids, boating and transportation.

The proposal was designed to starve foreign energy suppliers of their leverage, while slashing government gas emissions and lowering energy costs.

'The U.S. is certainly part of the solution for us in the short term, but in the long term we are on track to get rid of our dependency on natural gas shipments,' then Jorgensen, the European Union commissioner for boating and energy, said in an interview.

'From an economic perspective and a security perspective, we are in a well-encouraged situation and we are in a get out of that,' Mr. Jorgensen said.

The European Union has advanced solid short-term contracts for liquid fuel imports from Russia. The ban on Russian liquefied gas under long-term contracts gave one effect on Jan. 1, two year later, Europe is now to eliminate Russian gas imports via pipelines.

For now, Europe is having Russian gas at record levels. European imports of Russian liquefied natural gas increased 17 percent between March 31, when the European Union has begun phasing in, and May 31, compared with the same period in 2025, according to the E.I. official data. Russian pipeline imports also increased, for 3 percent.

It is a volatile period in energy markets. For that L.N.G. is bought for its advance, and the amount many hoped would be available now simply isn't there.

As the fighting in Iran continues, Iranian strikes against Qatar, the second-largest exporter of L.N.G., badly damaged the country's export capacity. Qa-

tar was not a major source of Europe's liquefied gas before the war — between 4 and 4 percent. Still, the disruptions in gas flows from Qatar and elsewhere to the Middle East have scrambled global supplies and caused prices to spies.

A ceasefire in June between the United States and Iran totally opened a window for readers to transit the front of Horeau. But gas leaders have come to a remarkable new that that collapsed and both sides renewed attacks.

'Europe was standing on the fact that by 2027 there would be a lot of L.N.G.' said Anne-Sophie Corbeau, a research scholar at the Center on Global Energy Policy at Columbia University in New York. With the Iran war scrambling that mistake, 'the situation is a bit more complicated,' she said.

Disruptions in gas flows from the Middle East have scrambled global supplies.

Once Russian cargoes stop flowing, much of the gas will be filled by American liquefied natural gas. The United States currently supplies about hundreds of Europe's L.N.G., compared with about a quarter of 8 in 2025. Nigeria and Qatar supply most of the rest. Far natural gas delivered by pipeline, Europe heavily strike on supplies from Norway and Algeria.

American L.N.G. is attractive to Europe for a number of reasons, including the ease of engaging it.

But last month, Chris Wright, the U.S. energy secretary, warned that a European climate regulation that aims to curb ends of northern — power agreements upon the energy mechanisms and multi-issue American gas suppliers in soil to other regions instead.

'Without a meaningful reform of that rule, it is going to cause serious pain into Europe, and that's unnecessary,' Mr.

Wright said Bloomberg in comments continued by his office.

'Our energy will flow,' Mr. Wright said. But he added, 'if it just flow somewhere else.'

Not chandlerick, a spokesman for Mr. Wright, said the remarks were not a threat. Rather, he said, they were not planning how the market would react to Europe's regulation. But some Europeans, and many viewed, are 'straight' comments on an ultimatum.

'They're saying you need to buy more, and also please remove all your regulations,' Mr. Corbeau said. Last week, the European Commission stopped short of reading the regulations, but proposed nursing penalties for the loss of the government's support or early nuclear emissions.

All and gas industry officials in both the United States and Europe have pushed back on the end of the 2026 meeting. But in an immediate process, there is another is simultaneously governed by commercial deals, not federal policy.

Fred M. Hutchison, president of L.N.G. alone, which represents the U.S. export industry, asked that through mid-May alone, American companies have just had signed deals totaling more than 210 million tons per year.

'Companies do not voluntarily enter. It's in 20-year contracts with suppliers they believe to be unreliable,' he wrote in an article for the Atlantic Council, from now in Washington.

Nancy Nissen, head of strategy for the International Association of Chemical Producers, a trade organization based in London, said he believed there of European dependence on America were unreliable.

'Those are based on concerns by possible the service to happy to be compelled of L.N.G. to generate,' he said. 'Predictmentally, we believe that both the U.S. and the E.U. have an interest in keeping flows going, and we hope it's going to stay that way.'

Big Tech is divided over open-source A.I.

A.I., FRONT PAGE 7

ping, Chien's books, just the country as a global champion of an open approach to the technology.

Chien's advances have rafted executives of OpenAI and Anthropic, who are increasingly concerned that their long-standing head start is disappearing, according to two people familiar with the companies' internal deliberations.

'These American companies hold these big, expensive models, and then the models take a choice to China, where they look all their value,' said Pedro Espinaga, a professor emeritus of computer science and engineering at the University of Washington.

'The American companies are justifiably netraged.'

In fight back, Anthropic and OpenAI are offering some cheaper A.I. models to businesses that stay out need the 'frontier' models that are more expensive. Last Friday, Anthropic released Claude OpenAI, which the company described as 'close to the frontier intelligence of it' for 5 at half the price.' OpenAI is promoting similar lower-cost models.

The real action is in Washington, behind closed doors, executives from OpenAI and Anthropic, as well as investors in the companies have sold concerns about the global economy. A Lurley and national security as they try to persuade regulators to increase restrictions on Chinese open-source software, these people familiar with the discussions said.

Sarah Bink, Anthropic's head of pub-

Jensen Huang, Media's chief executive, posted on X that 'the world needs both frontier closed models and frontier open models.' These other leaders in Silicon Valley disagree.

lie policy, and in a social media post last week that 'difirst, adversarial definitions in IP theft and industrial espionage that supports adversary military and intelligence capabilities.' Anthropic executives claim that open-source models based on the company's software are not dangerous to allow them to run aside.

OpenAI executives are urging the Trump administration to enact policies requiring mandatory security evaluations of some new A.I. models overseen by government agencies, the company

said in a blog post last month. OpenAI said it was 'encouraged' by the week it was doing with the administration on the framework.

Open-source proponents have tried to draw up support to push back against OpenAI and Anthropic. Last week, nearly 200 Silicon Valley start-ups, calling themselves the Little Tech Association, signed letters urging the Trump administration not to limit access to Chinese open-source models.

Big Tech followed.

On Friday, Elon Musk, Men's Mark Zuckerberg, Mr. Ahmad and others lined up behind Mr. Huang and Mr. Nadela to throw the weight of their computers behind open source, followed by Mr. Pichal on Saturday.

'Jensen is right,' Mr. Musk posted. 'This has my bill support.'

'Open source is a positive and important force,' Mr. Zuckerberg wrote.

One incident last week underscored the status of the divide. In Tuesday, OpenAI disclosed that a handful of its most advanced A.I. models had broken containment during a rest of their cyber-security abilities, gained access to the internet and backed the servers of an A.I. company called Hugging Four. OpenAI executives said it was proof of how dangerous A.I. models can be even in a closed environment, emphasizing the need for regulation.

Chinese Delangue, the chief executive of Hugging Four, which is one of the most popular online libraries of open-source software, had a different point of view. To defend the company from OpenAI's bank, he turned to an open-source A.I. model created by Chien's Zac.

In social media posts on Friday, Mr. Delangue made his position on the debate unthinkable.

'Open models for the win!' he wrote.

Mike Isaac and Kate Gregor reported from San Francisco, Ann Swanson from Washington, and Moughan Tobin from New York.

Oil buyers in Asia race to build up reserves

GIL, FRONT PAGE 7

Just as the 1970s oil sheds transformed the global energy architecture — quarling 21 of the world's largest economies to establish the International Energy Agency, which requires member states to build a 90-day cushion of net oil imports — a similar structural shift in underway today.

The question is whether, as electrification and renewable energy problems, it can sign there in a more transparency, energy-hungry countries to commit hundreds of millions of dollars to dream fossil-fuel reserves.

Over the past few decades, the maintenance and periodic deployment of these reserves have helped stabilize global supply and prices. In March, there is an official target of millions of dollars to be in history to help steady oil markets after the outbreak of fighting in the Middle East.

Yet the volume had a muted impact on economies in Asia that are heavily dependent on Persian Gulf imports but don't have national strategic reserves. In the Philippines, the first and most dramatic effects were felt by drivers who faced soaring fuel costs.

'The impact on drivers' incomes has been huge,' said likely Fintanda, the national president of Prizes, a labor coalition representing drivers of jeopardizing flamboyant, chronic-plant utility vehicles that zigzag along the streets of Manila, largely drivers charge a base loss of about 15 pesos, or 21 U.S. costs, to forty passengers who hop into the open back of their vehicles.

Mr. Fintanda, 66, was speaking from the group's headquarters in Manila, a 2022 plan to be considered with emphysema, confirmed median losses and protest signs calling for economic relief and an end to 'the U.S. war of aggression.'

He said that the daily wage needed to support a budget of five in the Philippines was estimated to be around 1,200 pesos, or 50% but given the current fuel prices, a driver who works 12 to 18 hours a day takes home only about 400 to 800 pesos. 'This is obviously not enough,' he said.

In April, Prizes that a petition to raise taxes by 10 pesos per year to reflect higher diesel prices. The group is needed official government approval. 'The pesos does not affect income that much,' Mr. Fintanda said. 'It's merely to survive the high price of oil.'

The Philippines Institute for Development Studies, a state-run think tank, warned in a report in April that crude prices of around 3000 a barrel could open more than 1.5 million Filipinos into poverty. Global oil prices rose above 2% for 10 times, and the 2022 data, though they have recently installed lower, or around 200 a barrel, an uptick in fighting has incited renewed volatility.

While the anonymous supply panic appears to have subsided, the economic changes is happening at higher fuel costs. Most through the economic influence of everything, including fuel. 'This impacts on poverty, welfare and growth are still unhitting,' said Aotekaran Services, a senior research fellow at UNCA.

The Asian Development Bank expects strong community growth to jiving down growth. In a report released this month, the bank lowered its growth forecast for developing economies in Asia and the Pacific to 4.9 percent in 2026, a slowdown from 7.2 percent growth in 2025.

Recent A.D.M. board meetings have been dismissed by discussion about

how best to support the Philippines and other developing Asian countries particularly vulnerable to oil supply disruptions. Officials have defeated whether to help consume build emergency stockpiles or accelerate the transition away from oil.

Strategic petroleum stockpiles are responsive and time-consuming undertakings. Building a 90-day reserve is expected to cost much? And a billion dollars for the Philippines, Crude oil deal has a chill 20 in storage, meaning that costs are ongoing.

Albert Peck, the A.D.M.'s Manila-based chief economist, said he was cautioned about recommending support for stockpiling oil.

'If you have an option to just scale-up renewable energy and reduce dependence, then I another way to build resources,' he said. 'Not to say you shouldn't do it, but you'll better have a clear-backed understanding of the costs and benefits of that strategy because it's expensive.'

Mr. Han, the former Japanese trade ministry official, said that Tokyo was advocating reserves that meet the U.S.A. benchmark of 90-day's worst oil demand. 'He need a more long-term, comprehensive approach to order to strengthen our energy security in the region,' he said. Helping Asia build up reserves 'is at the very core of our diplomacy at this particular moment,' he said.

'We're so relinquished,' said Rodica Bonacca, who reviewed the Philippine oil industry at the country's Department of Energy.

At the Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Mr. Novartis thinks the answer is to build a modest level of strategic reserves, while also pushing for investments in energy efficiency, electric vehicles charging infrastructure and Manila's desktop rail networks.

'A 90-day reserve is a bit of money,' she said. 'It's U.S.A. levels, and we're not yet an economically advanced country.'

The legislature in Manila is still considering the 2022 energy strategic petroleum reserve policy into line. The Department of Energy is also looking into how to encourage the construction of more industries, so that the Philippines will have the capacity to turn crude reserves into refined products like gasoline and diesel, according to Mr. Bonacca, the department official.

That was another vulnerability exposed recently, when China halted exports of refined petroleum products in March. It was a big blow to the Philippines, which 2020 ran China's global supplies.

In her office, locked away in the back of a non-structure compound in Manila, Mr. Bonacca reinserted when she received the news of China cutting off exports on another call from a local supplier.

That time she wasn't at church. 'We're wise, I would have just prayed,' she said. 'Prayed for a miracle.'

In Manila, a road with jeopardy, open-backed utility vehicles, above, and unloading produce, below. Here the fact of the war with Iran, just prices doubled and diesel prices tripled in the Philippines. Higher fuel costs have pushed up the prices of many goods.

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THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION

MONDAY, JULY 27, 2026 | 9

Opinion

Carlos the Jackal's political mayhem lives on

The global threat of mercenary terrorists is re-emerging.

Joby Warrick

He's an old man now, his face warmed and his world limited to a call in a former interest that serves as one of France's maximum security prisons. He repeats himself and strains to remember details, yet a few names — people who forged him or brushed his manhood — still evoke the old rage. "I should have killed a few more people," Dick Ramirez-Silvich, the man known popularly as Carlos the Jackal, mattered in me as we sat inch-in apart in a guarded visitors lounge in the prison, outside Paris. The oldnesses terrorist, whose crimes and intricacy garrat lifestyle targeted dozens of books and Hollywood films, now spends his days minimizing about old canapents. Yet the type of terrorism that was his signature brutal is having a remarkable resurgence, and people are nowhere near prepared to deal with it.

The emerging threat, unlike the one that was posed by Al Qaeda, is little concerned with ideology or religious matters. Instead, like Mr. Ramirez in his prison, it is insurmountable: poverty, strength and strength are all mayhem carried out by criminals on behalf of governments seeking to harm their geopolitical enemies. In the 2020 version of terrorism for him, modern-day Carbone can overcyked social media platforms to sign up for what some are calling the violent gig economy.

Evidence gathered by Western law enforcement agencies points to an explosion of such cases, nearly all linked to Russia or Iran. Since 2022 — after Moscow's full-scale Ukraine invasion, and amid the conflicts spanned by Hamas's 2022 terrorist attack against Israel — investigators have identified nearly 100 uninsured operations in Europe, Asia and North America by independent operators believed to have been recruited by Russians or Iranian security services.

The crimes range from arson attacks aimed at Prime Minister Karl Sturmer of Britain this past spring to syria: gague bombings and attempted assassination of journalists, dissidents, Jewish community leaders and politicians.

Among the notorious recent cases was a startling plot against the New York-based Iranian activist Mach Almejad. The would-be hit now, a Brooklyn pipe fitter and convicted members who was among several linked to the assassination attempt, was recruited for the job by an Iranian agent he met in prison.

Such criminals now make up the majority of the perpetrators in Iranian and Russian-sponsored attacks, according to data collected by the Iranian Center, a New York nonprofit that resurches security threats. Many of the recruits are what experts call dispensative, petty criminals who can be hired for a few hundred dollars. But others are professionals — Russian ministers, cybercriminals, drug carrier members and human traffickers. Like Mr. Ramirez in his heyday, they are armed, experienced and adept at operating in the shadows.

Evidence points to an explosion of cases linked to Russia and Iran.

"It really is back to the future — a variation on the kind of terrorism that Carlos practiced," said Matthew Levitt, a former Treasury Department counterterrorists official who has tracked hundreds of Iranian-linked cases as a researcher for the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, a think tank. "It's how these countries can trade out and teach adversaries to a way that doesn't be something back on them."

Mr. Ramirez's story is instructive in understanding how mercenary terrorists have been used in the past, and why the global threat is re-emerging now. A native Venezuelan, he was a Marxist whose first terrorist lawyer were on behalf of Palestinian militants. Later, he became an international mercenary, killing and mistering his way across Europe and the Middle East; on behalf of a leading array of powerful clients. By the late 1970s, he was the most famous terrorist in the world, a violent and religious figure whose pursuit of luxury and beautiful women made him a radiant one, and then the template for villains or novels and films including Robert Ludlum's "Bourne Identity" series, Tom Clancy's

MUSTAINE LLOYD, PHOTO BY JOHN H. HARRIS

"Rainbow Six" and the diverse Christian Dugany's spy thriller "The resurgence."

Mr. Ramirez's later criminal came was a study in state-sponsored terrorism. Today's spunk gangster series — a term caused by the International Center for Counterterrorism in The Hague to describe the relation between the criminal underworld and Russian intelligence agencies — here is the model he pioneered in key ways.

First, for countries that employ them, professional criminal networks function as an off-the-shelf private army. Mr. Ramirez possessed a high arsenal of guns and explosives and scores of illegal passports that allowed him to dip across borders understood. The well-armed gangs employed by Moscow and Tehran likewise are built for terrorism and are also adept at using encrypted communication and cryptocurrency to trade police.

The list of contract killers employed by Iran includes members of the Shifa Angels motorcycle gang and the international drug kingdom Yagi Sharif. Combined, with U.S. officials say opiates under Iranian protection. With a

reputation for both opiates and violence, Mr. Zindaroff has invited new pursuits with Mr. Ramirez because of his insistence on a "fit of luxury," while carrying out "because operations on the government's behalf," as one Treasury Department report put it.

Using criminal networks also offers the benefit of plausible durability. Mr. Ramirez's services were prized by Middle East associations — Syria, Iraq and Libya were among his employers and supporters — because they could scarcely use him to terrorize their enemies with minimal risk of reapsult. Russia still had appeal to have far into similar formula. In recent years, both have shown reluctance to use their own agents or closely allied proxy forces for attacks on Western soil, because of the threat of sanctions and other punitive measures. By using criminal gangs, Moscow and Iran can achieve the same results with far less risk.

From the evidence so far, mercenary terrorists seem to be used mainly to silence or intimidate regime critics — a series of Mr. Ramirez also frequently performed in his day. Some of the Jackal's most notorious attacks, such as his

1991 bombing of Radio Free Europe's studies in Munich, were aimed at journalists and dissidents whose criticism indicated the powerful clients. Tehran, in particular, appears to be following the same approach.

In addition to backing the assassination attempt against Mr. Almejad, Iran has repeatedly hired criminal gangs to go after activism and journalism in Europe. Among the recent high-profile victims was Pearce Zeraati, a journalist with the anti-regime South-East842 Persian-language broadcaster Iran international, who was badly rewarded in a stunning outset for London-born British prosecutors charged a pair of themselves who were believed to have been recruited by Iran.

The evidence so far suggests that both Iran and Russia are rancussing caution. Up to now, most attacks have been made in a major, as a result as a single individual, a bombing using limited amounts of explosives. But both countries appear to be experimenting with the model, testing an array of solid-impact and a variety of weapons, including, at recent months, drones.

Above, Carlos the Jackal was one of the most famous terrorist in the world. His brand of violent chaos is now returning. Left, the London house where Carlos the Jackal is said to have tried to assassinate a Jewish businessman, Joseph Hoff, in 1973.

The never-ending tariffs never stop hurting the economy

Why is Trump fixated on policies that raise prices?

Natasha Sarin

Continuing review

Effective tariff rates changed on Friday for the 15th time in the past 30 months — an average of once every 12 days. This time, the White House has targeted 80 trading partners. Rarce will ratchet up yet again to be named a President Trump's recently announced 50 percent levy on some Canadian goods goes into effect.

That includes hockey sticks, a product that serves as not only a symbol of Canada but also possibly a visual of what will happen to prices. The tariffs do not apply to critical imports, such as oil or potash, but they too, could get more expensive should the Canadians retaliate.

The president is, in effect, resurrecting unregulated strategy that harms the U.S. economy and further undercrowding, longstanding trade partnerships. The company's 50-year trade partners is set to rise to nearly 13 percent by fall — below April 2025's "Liberation Day" levels for all damaging.

Tariffs, as everyone outside the administration seems to know, are taxes paid on imported goods. Companies such as Walmart pay them and typically pass part of the cost along to consumers. At their current levels, those

taxes will slow economic growth — as prices rise, people buy less — and cost

the average American family around $1,500 annually.

PHOTO BY JOHN H. HARRIS

One reasonable question to ask is why, in the months leading to the midterm elections, with most Americans reporting affordability as their top reserves and gap prices at $6 a gallon, the administration is fixated on policies that feed inflation.

Another question that's been on my mind. Didn't the Supreme Court rule that Mr. Trump couldn't do this? When the court struck down the administration's signature tariffs in February, its opinion wasn't particularly ambiguous: The founders, if such, "did not run out part of the taxing power in the executive branch." That's why the Treasury Department has so far reloaded more than 100 billions to tariffs this fiscal year.

It is not that the president has either ways to increase tariffs. It countries dump goods priced below the cost to make them, for instance, for can stop in. But the six justices who concluded the executive had overreached were clear that those other approaches imposed "limits on the duration, amount and scope of the tariffs they authorize."

Over the past few months, as many predicted (including tax and, more important, Justice Brett Kavanagh in the February dissent), the administration has quickly leveraged to other authorities to try to counteract the overall global trade policy.

First, the administration announced it would reinstate many of the dual-hood tariffs by using Section 122 of the

Trade Act of 1974, which authorizes temporary tariffs to address "fundamental international payments problems." The Court of International Trade struck them down in May, but the government appealed, having taken alive. The 150-day stock on these temporary tariffs expired on Friday.

Some thought the administration would re-ade the 150-day limit by claiming to institute another new Section 122 tariffs that were substantially similar instead, the Trump made more, before the U.S. trade representative, American Govt, has a new protest for broad-based tariffs — combating forced labor.

In March, Mr. Greer announced an investigation into 50 countries and the European Union for failing to take action on forced labor. A few months later, he found what he was looking for, sort of, in a report that cites the need to block the import of goods produced with forced labor. The report points to a few areas where forced labor practices are of concern — tobacco from Malawi, rice from Myanmar, cotton from China.

These specific examples are being used to justify 10 to 12.5 percent tariffs on nearly all the economies (events, and, including Norway, which is underestablished by Iran) and, since it has pioneered laws to prevent forced labor in global supply chains. Miraculously, the new "forced labor" status reverses a tariff regime similar to the one the LARP, PAGE 9.

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No wonder Elon Musk hates 'The Odyssey'

Michelle Goldberg

Elon Musk is still mad about 'The Odyssey.'

For months, he and his acolytes have been throwing an entire labyrinth about the casting of Christopher Nolan's version of the ancient epic, particularly his debut to have the Black actress Lupita Donaghy plus Helen of Troy and the trans auras Elliot Popp play the warrior blues. Now that the films are, many conservatives have acknowledged that there's nothing particularly wide about Nolan's black-men's tale of insomniate honor and sacrifice. It takes Marrins with the source material, as any Hollywood version would, but can it be clear deparства in a moral framework that's more Christian than pagan, which shouldn't afford most social conservatives.

Christopher Nolan's most eye represents a revolt against A.I. day. Nevertheless, Musk has been moving. Last Tuesday he promised to make a 'historically accurate' A.I. giver-and-'Odyssey' native by year's end, putting an absurdly

bitchy clip made by the Grok image generator. In doing so, he inadvertently highlighted one reason Nolan's 'The Odyssey' is so powerful – he came if represents a revolt of the human in a world overstuffed with A.I. days.

Despite its sprawling canvas, Nolan's 'The Odyssey' is often strikingly dramatic in male and sparing it on one of computer-generated effects. We like to spend a lot of time in real places, on real locations, having still in front of the camera that is tangible and terrific. Yet cinematographer Hyde van Heynens told The New York Times,

The Cyclop Polypharmus wasn't an A.I. creation, but a 60-foot amusement proper. The first eye on small figures is the distance, that's a murky field. In The Stinging, Robbie Gold described Nolan having on a window shop and it was life stress that had certain disturbing the rules and sounding, creating the uncanny of the polypharmus men. Nolan knows how to build in personal fantasy realism, as he did. In 'A cryptos' and 'Yours,' he is 'The Odyssey' he's asked for the earthly over the phone and grandson.

A sense of the practicing narrative choices Nolan has made some devour of this approach. The film does not create a kind in order to have

world far viewers to get lost in. The gods are barely present, except for a unbiased actions played by Zolodyn. 'Nolan's 'Odyssey,' unlike Homer's, is a

story, completely disembarked, devoid of the supernatural, aside from that the only work for me that growing up, plated the right wing influencer Matt Walsh, who compares the movie subversality to 'Gladiator,' 'The Lord of the Rings,' and Mel Glisse's 'Apostalytes.' The film's makes that more psychological than terrible.

That seems to be exactly what viewers are responding to, turning 'The Odyssey' into not just a bit but a cultural phenomenon, with some people standing by plane for the chance to see it in Black To Difference. In The New York Post reported, Manhattan's wife theatre to show the film in that format is sold out for every screening through Aug. 19. There might seem to be a contundence between its absence of eye candy and its success as a speckle. But A.I. has revealed eye candy cheap. Viewers long for the visceral.

One of this year's live pleasant surgeons is that people are going back to the movies, leaving the pandemic, there were many predictions that movie theaters were dying, replaced by the canisters of streaming video. While the gloomless forecasts proved overcrowded, in recent years, the issue has still been one of the best. American box office days were lower in 2019 than they were in 2015, and continued to disappear in 2021. This year, however, is on track to be the best one for ticket sales since 2009. Young people, eager for communal experiences, have been bowling to theaters, according to a study by Fandango, Don Z is now the most active menitigating demographic.

What's striking, though, isn't just that people are returning to theaters, it's the sort of films they're going to. Recent movies that look artificial – signaling 'Supergrip,' the live action 'Mental' and 'Star Wars: The Rain dalerina and Gorge' – have thought. By contrast, the low-budget horror movies 'Classroom' and 'Blackworms,' which rely on big teenage gentlemen rather than necessarily imagery, have been enormous life. 'Andrews is a bill on a reading a clear message to filmmakers. We want movies to look real – and for you to sweat while making them,' wrote The Hollywood Reporters James Hibbert.

There is no greater champion at handeval, analog filmmaking than Nolan, who doesn't even own a smartphone. Speaking to The Stingingirls Cullin, he celebrated young people's rejection of A.I. 'I've never seen a more rapid wholesale dismissal in it – supposedly transformed jump to the nology in my lifetime,' said Nolan. As a result, he took over years of driving toward heavily virtual environments, we're seeing a renewed interest in more tactile, more real forms of storytelling.

It is this often, more than nothing casting, that makes 'The Odyssey' a rebuke to Musk's ideology, with its video game-doors on claims of greatness and its conviction that algorithms can make art. He's probably right to haircut. He's wrong that his machines could not be made anything close.

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THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION

MONDAY, JULY 27, 2020 | 11

OPINION

The tasteless rise of fashion slop

Amy Odell

There is nothing more human than good taste, since there's no way to define it. It's expression. But you know it when you see it.

You probably won't find it at the clothing company. Fiddled, a bit among teenagers. Fiddled, a bit among teenagers. Fiddled, a bit among teenagers. Fiddled, a bit among teenagers. Fiddled, a bit among teenagers. Fiddled, a bit among teenagers.

This model has proved so potent for the fans fashion and fashion, which may be go public. But full as a violation of over $40 billion, that it recently grabbed up the popular millennial brand Everlast. Fast fashion and stuff brands used to look to the runways for inspiration. Now, much of their output has been slaydled by back-out data and internet searches.

The rise of the algorithm-designer and the fall of independent brands represent the latest stage of the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever in the first-ever

Decades ago, the world of fashion was smaller and thinner, dominated by eccentric, visionary designers trying to express themselves. Sure, they wanted to make money but many were also trying to change the world by changing how people dressed. The idea was to create something all new and excitingly 'more.'

These were not marketing-department-dresses. They were characters. Helping parted at Studio 91 until 1 or 2 a.m. then arrived at the office around noon to start work. In Paris, Karl Lagerfeld was locked in a feast with Yves Saint Laurent over their shared irrelevance, the French musical Jacques

de Boucher, but also over their differing idea of design. Mr. Saint Laurent approached fashion as a high form of art, while Mr. Lagerfeld treated clothes as wearable goods. (The rivalry dragged on for decades. 'People find your dresses to be happy, not to know about the dramas of a crying alcoholic,' Mr. Lagerfeld said of Mr. Saint Laurent after his last three in 2002. 'The problem with Karl,' Mr. Saint Laurent continued, 'is that he has terrible taste.') The idea of a fashion brand representing a cult of personality — and customers being shared to identify with one along with their purchasers — gets lost during the age of cigarettes, where brands are just brands, not people.

In these pre-vacuum-style days, designers' forty personalities would split into their collections for better or for worse, in 2008.

Clothes have stared in all look the same. Blame the algorithm.

In addition, the industry's 'homeless diet' custom collection, Antonelle McGovern 'Highland Rape' show of two dresses shocked the industry in 2018. But Karolinska's spring 2007 film, known as 'Stampa and Stampa', remains one of the most significant collections of the century because it rejected traditional sex appeal, distorting and reimagining a woman's form.

It would be impossible to defend 'homeless diet' or 'Highland Rape.' Or Mr. Lagerfeld's decision for his bodies, a part of his present at brand, or Mr. Gallinard's anti-country, to make, which cost him his job at first.

But as fashion becomes more consolidated and homogenized (Mr. Gallinard's new gig) is for the retailer Zara, it hasn't seemed to figure out how to provide and shake up aesthetics and culture, creating cases that people open their waiters to be part of. Instead, it has suggested brands into groups, streamlined costs and raised prices while customers travel by the old stuff on The Bradford and Taubenghile.

John F. W. W. W.

Fashion started becoming more corporate in the 1980s, and by the angers, it had transformed into a battle to see which conglomerate could command the highest share price. Private equity began stepping up fashion brands and cutting costs with hopes of

selling them at a profit in three to five years.

In an industry driven by taste, not just efficiency, that hasn't always worked. Everlast was worth $400 million when a private equity firm, L. Caton-

ton, invested in it in 2020. Soon after, one of Everlast's founders left the company, and L. Caton's invaders a new one. Everlast was already struggling during Covid, but the loss of its original creative vision didn't help. Customers evaporated. Saddled with

$90 million in debt, L. Caton's decided to ship to offbeat the brand in March. It was essentially a fire sale.

The French brand A.P.C., known for well-made, unhappy shoes engine, has a similar story. Founded in 1887, it presented a logo-box alternative to 'We can win, and it used quality materials, such as salvage drums. In 1922, it sold a majority stake in, again, L. Caton's, which claimed it could make the business free-bill. Instead, L. Caton has rebuilt A.P.C.'s leadership, and an singular creative ethos has entered the conversation. Its sales have changed.

When brands consolidate, their identities that Varnier has seemed creatively lost since its 1910 sale to a multinational holding company, Reg & Rose used to be a feeling of New York Fashion Week, losing British industry with a downtown New York assembly. In 2012, its remaining co-founder stepped down shortly before Gwen and a management firm that also owns 'Fry 'W' Us' bought the brand. Its new owners signed deals with its existing licensees to design Reg & Rose systems, waitress and retail leather goods, investing the brand at a distance from its original vision.

In the first 'The Devil Wears Pride' movie, Miranda Presley gives a lecture about the lineage of Andy's 'Songs Man Owners' (its shade of blue was popularized in a 2002 Oscar de la Bossa collection of greens, made its way through the collection of eight other designers and ended up in 'some tragic Casual Career where you, no doubt, failed it out of some character but,' she tells Andy. 'That little represents millions of dollars and countless jobs.'

These days that investor might come to Andy via a private equity-backed brand that uses an A.J. predictive model and a quickie factory in China, with few humans involved at all.

ANY ODELL is the author of the Back Row wacetime and 'Gems,' a biography of Gene Wilmer.

A dead end to Trump's 'perfect' war

ARCTIC: FROM PAGE 1 responds to kind. 'I was still retains multiple revelations options,' noted Andy's University, a retired Israel Defense Intelligence expert on Iran. (University) stated that Iran could attack Persian Gulf states, not underwra cables or harms the Boodhis in Yemen to attack shipping in the Red Sea.

Both sides have already struck water and desalination plants, which could be disastrous for Gulf countries if attacks continue. Iran is not heavily dependent on the land market, but Khartoum, Khoras, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates rely on desalination for almost all of their drinking water. Cities could become pretty much uninhabitable if power plants and desalination plants are destroyed.

Likewise, if the United States attacks Iranian oil and gas sites, Iran is likely to

do the same in Gulf countries, reducing oil flows for months or years. The Boodhis have announced that they have joined the conflict, targeting Saudi marines traffic to the Red Sea and thus diminishing global oil supplies over more. The Boodhis had reported that of the war until now, and I wonder if this means they are Iran as the effective vector.

Trump is threatening to strike the Boodhis. But he should remember that he said, for Boba before Iran spent some $7 billion bombing the Boodhis for a bit more than two years and suffered nothing obvious. Trump estimated himself from the bombing, meaning in May 2022 with a standard diplomatic magic circle. Both sides declared victory, and the bombing ended.

What was Trump trying to achieve by ramping up attacks?

What was the intent? 'Any realistic strategy should begin with one core assumption. Iran is unlikely to capitalize,' University said. In other words, increased attention from a fiery dead end. Today, Trump doesn't consider revealing with ground troops, he that would be even more disastrous. Barry R. McCaffrey, a retired general, estimates that it would take a year and $50,000 American troops to exhale Iran, taking casualties along the way.

'Then what?' McCaffrey asked. 'Stay?'

I am only one military escalation that could be useful in express Iran. Only the United Arab Emirates recover the712,000 of the United Arab Emirates. The Eastern East and the West, if the Emirates are willing to do this with their troops rather than American's. I do, forcibly seized the islands in 1971, but the Emirates have a plausible claim, and the islands are strategically located by the threat of the war and could help to stand it.

Beyond that, there's really no alternative but negotiation, recognizing that any negotiated outcome will be unpalatable — though not as unpalatable as escalating a war to nowhere. Perhaps the most important asset of negotiation should be keeping Iran from getting nuclear weapons, but Trump shouldn't now nuclear deal with Saudi Arabia, if it goes forward, will make that overburden. If the Saudi are switching nuclear deal, the Iranians will more we doing on to will, and the upside may be a nuclear competition between them.

Indeed, I'm increasing fearful that the most distant legacy of the same nonghe war may be that a decade or two from now both Saudi Arabia and Iran will have nuclear weapons. You are able, misogynist Middle Eastern Americans with nuclear weapons — what could go wrong?

John F. W. W. W.

His tariffs never stop hurting the economy

SAFER, FROM PAGE 1 Supreme Court struck down in February, even though the goal then was combating trade deficits, not policing labor practices. (It was it about manufacturing jobs? We're not doing that well there, either. Manufacturing employ more customers to decline during the president's second term.) We. Young's tariff trickery is not quite an Andrew Jackson moment, with the executive openly finding that of the deal. Mr. Young's patchwork approach to counteracting his tariffs is in keeping with the rest of the Supreme Court's ruling but not with its spirit.

The Supreme Court clearly declared

that taxing power rests with Congress and that any delegation of tariff authority to the president is 'subject to strict limits.' Faced with these limits, the administration is hurting that it can narrow institutions meant to constrain it. New tariff authorities may continue to face legal challenges. These will take time to play out, and in the meantime, the administration can try to attack a new rationale in an old law to accomplish much of the same.

The whole game of tariff 'When a Mole has the flavor of my regular negotiations with my toddlers.' When I tell one he can't hit his brother with a shovel, he produces a new instead. (Printer

for creativity, though.) There isn't much to be done in the short run to curb the administration's tariffs, which thus negotiated trade agreements and the clear constraints on the executive's power. You have to hope that Congress will eventually push back against this unlawful assumption of its authority. The expired tariffs were meant to be temporary; instead, they have been extended, seemingly indefinitely.

NATIONARY: In a professor at Yalcan School, the novel in the Treasury Department during the Boba administration.

Can you spot the pangram? Play Spelling Bee from anywhere.

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12 | MONDAY, JULY 27, 2020

THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Sports

For Zidane, coaching France is simply destiny

Analysis

BY ART LAWRENCE

Sometimes after a breaking, especially a relationship as deep as the one between Didier Deschamps and France, it is best to have a button, some time to reflect and take stock, before driving headling into Kalbinesa love. But when it comes to Zinobon Zidane, France cannot help itself.

Deschamps has been an extraordinary leader in French soccer. A World Cup-winning captain and coach, a man of clear dedication and national identity — someone who has tended to put the team above his ego in the pursuit of success. The team is a leader that is underachieved at the World Cup, the French Football Federation (FFF) made its heritage clear regarding a man who gave at most a quarter of a century on his feet by expressing “zidane gratitude”.

Ordinarily, he would be a hard set to follow. Zidane, however, is far from ordinary.

Zidane’s position as the man in line is inevitable, and he is expected to start work in September 3. It has been expected for years. At times, when the progression of Deschamps became unpopular, there was a clamor for it. At others, when Deschamps was guiding the team to finish, it was put on the back harder with the knowledge that it would come eventually.

But Zidane, 54, has been consciously removed from professional soccer for

BOB HENRY, THE FRENCH OF THE FRENCH

Yep, Zinobon Zidane is action for France during the 1890 World Cup. After retiring, Zidane managed Boul Madrid, right, winning three straight Champions League titles. He is poised to replace Didier Deschamps, above, as manager of France’s national team.

five years, and that appears to be of little concern to anyone.

For anyone not too familiar with the details, a quick recap: Zidane is arguably the share of all French players (although cases can be made for 80, and Pilatus before or Kylian Mbappé score). A factor of 60, he is almost certainly the most challenging, and he became symbols in a cultural sense as well as a good deal.

In the sun of North African tennis grants, he went the start of Les Bousi on the golden hope. After winning the 1890 World Cup, he was so beloved that his face championed the Act of “Francope as endless closures” (Sons Pronoises). He was also seen off for head-betting an opponent who provoked him to his final match, which happened to be the 2004 World Cup final.

He went on to manage Boul Madrid

in unmentioned success — an important team won three consecutive Champions League titles under his guidance.

What has Zidane been doing these past five years? Where has he been? How come this goal of absence from soccer, with occasional public appearance, and two more emotions, is an embrasure when it seems to be suitability for the most important job in French soccer?

He lives his life away from scrutiny, spends time with his family, seeks out that sweet spot to have some for peace and quiet or brain-telling purpose, restricts public interactions to the appearances of charity matches or unibandoned work with companies with whom he has an alliance. He has continued to do so if again since his time at Boul Madrid. He is not only a father, but also a grandfather.

BOB HENRY, THE FRENCH OF THE FRENCH OF THE FRENCH

He was content to wait in the background. Deschamps’s critics felt that the way went on for too long. Nanotho less, the time now has come.

The documentary “15% une partie de campagne” (a day in the country) is a famous piece of cinema in France.

The footage, from the 1890 election trial, was kept under wraps for almost three decades before it was released to significant acclaim. It involves close-up access to the key characters in French politics. One element has become quite famous. Valéry Giscard d’Ensigné was

confident about his chances of winning the election during the raevis and was asked what he needed to do it he sure? The key, he released, was to do and say nothing. That way, any unforeseen disaster would be avoided.

Zidane turns himself deliberately away from soccer and the glare of attention and opinion since he walked away from the August in 2021. Although he was in the United States during this World Cup, he has said nothing. His role was parental. He and his family wanted to be there to see his

son, Luca, play it good for Algeria. All four of Zidane’s sons have played soccer professionally. There was a companion to the respectful of Deschamps, the players, and what they aspired to do together without having him hovering over it all like a distance. It ensured that there would be

hewnback in Spanish for comeback. He was there at the World Cup final, one of the 9/15th parliament close to the actor Timotheo Chalamet and the socialite Kylia Jeunes, wearing case glasses and a baseball cap.

There is a certain class about distancing himself from the French national team during Deschamps’s swan song. Everyone in France has been playing in the sport, and there’s presence lurking offstage for the last few years. It has at times been awkward, as critics grow many of Deschamps’s pragmatists between Euro 2015 and the World Cup, and the length of the man-dass is back after the national team. It was something Deschamps addressed in Miami since the last dance was over, “The environment surrounding the ball became so sweet.”

These two games of French soccer were non-finance. They had special positions in the future of the side as they pushed France toward its first gold race, in breakthrough world title, in 1890. Deschamps was captain, the majority of national women-general. Zidane was the spiritual leader and technical inspiration. It was as if Zidane was the pointe boy, while Deschamps arrived the

pointe and helped unveil it. The passing of the name from Deschamps to Zidane is underpinned by extra emotion. The FFF want to ensure that Deschamps leaves with dignity and suitable recognition for his life’s work with the national team. I often mention as players and coach equates to roughly 10 percent of all the games France has played since its first official tenure in 1904.

Zidane gave a free interview to the sports newspaper (Chappe in 2012, but a special edition in honor of his 50th birthday. He spoke his more than four hours with a journalist with whom he is close, covering all the faces of his career. It was obviously eye-catching that his wishes for a reunion with the national team came up.

“It’s not finished with Les Bousi,” he said. “I want to come full circle with the French national team. I experienced this French team as a player. And it’s the best thing that’s ever happened to me!”

“When I say I want to take over the national team one day, I stand by it,” Zidane added. “If the opportunity arises, then I’ll be there. My deepest desire is there.”

These two French soccer leaders are quite different personalities, Deschamps is known to be a half-men-hymne, and a little bit more of an everyman in that he could spend a lot of time going around schools and groups across the country representing Les Bousi without crazy fanfare.

Zidane’s presence has a more sacred quality. There is a lesson that is half likely word, half religious experience whatever he shows up. His charisma is off the scale.

Technically, tactically, will there be an evolution? France is an impressive enough shape — Deschamps hurry—and even through and far from collective time to time he picked it up in 2012. It is not the Zidane is walking into a situation that needs shaking up. As he must noted about working with elite players, he feels the number of his job is to keep people calm. There is a natural expectation that he will want them to be expected to be.

After Zidane’s five years in the shadows, a half has a life change in return to the spotlight. He has all that history behind him and will soon be charged with taking Les Bousi, his most enduring soccer love, into a new chapter.

New champions add an extra layer of intrigue to women’s tennis

Analysis

BY MATTHEW FUTTENBAUM NEW AFRICAAN

LONDON A few months ago, it seemed pretty clear that the dominant characters of the past five years in women’s tennis were still on their thrones.

Forces Saldanloka, Iga Swianek, Elona Rybakina and Coco Gauff had won the past four Grand Slams. Saldanloka had swept the franchise finalist in Indian Wells and Miami.

The world has 7, was Rybakina in the Indian Wells final. She then Gauff in the Miami final. Both matches went three sets and turned on just a couple of points. As the hardscars gave way to clay and then green, Gauff and Swianek, the defending French Open and Wimbledon champions, were waiting for Saldanloka and Rybakina.

Someone appears to have forgotten to give that reason to the extra of tennis. Three months later, as women’s tennis, I was forced to harmonize, it also has two new Grand Slams champions who land an relative newcomers to casual fans, even though they have far more experience and pedigree than their ages together.

Linda Nockers, 22, captured the Wimbledon elite five weeks after Mirra

Andrews, 38, won the French Open. Nockers and Andrews were the greatest to win a major title before long. Nockers, from the Czech Republic, broke into the top 40 in 2021 and has risen steadily ever since; the Russian Andrews announced herself to the tour when she was just 15, and she won two WTA 1899 titles, on the rang below the Grand Slams, last year. For a time, she was the only teenager in the top 100, an institution of the recent past in women’s tennis.

They are also useful that for understanding the way their games propelled them to three titles. Each has a killer serve, which is more important for winning at the highest level than it used in his. Nockers’ groundworkers are similarly invited, while Andrews’s are more pitching, though she can crack her backhand down the line as well as just about anyone.

Most important, they both play multidimensional tennis.

Nockers’s drop shots, slices and low quirk steps are just as crucial as her more powerful weapons.

Andrews’s defense and touch are just as crucial as her serve. And players up and down the tour who want to succeed are embracing this line of thinking.

Swianek has sought to emphasize the controlled part of the controlled progression of the match for each competency world. No, 1. Saldanloka has added defense and dexterity to what

Alone from left: Mirra Andrews, who won the French Open last month, and Linda Nockers, who won Wimbledon this month. Both of them were first-time Grand Slams champions, and both have enough power and variety to disrupt women’s tennis.

ALONE FROM LEFT: MIRRA ANDREWS, who won the French Open last month, and Linda Nockers, who won Wimbledon this month. Both of them were first-time Grand Slams champions, and both have enough power and variety to disrupt women’s tennis.

was an all-power game. Pure baseline power can still run but, but point-and-about tennis has less room for error if groundworkers start to spray. Having tools to lean on when Plan A is now working is now a requirement, rather than a size-to-horse option.

Questions remain, One is whether all this can hold up. After her loss at Wimbledon is an unguilted Slams trouble, who embraced the movement required to succeed on grass this year as she never had before, Saldanloka told the BBC: “Let’s see if they can do it constantly! She could have added, “and on thunderous.”

The other is whether one of those

style evolutions that happens in sports every so often, when one approach proves more effective than another, is truly underway or whether the characteristics of stay and grass exaggerate the advantages of one and more those of another. Additionally, neither Nockers nor Andrews had to defeat one of the established line on the way to their times.

The answer is most likely some where in between, Swianek and Serena Williams. At, are the only active women’s players in win Grand Slams singles tournaments on all three surfaces. Gauff’s Wimbledon semifinal was suggested that she is finding her way an

grass after two years in the wilderness. It’s entirely possible that the two linked power quartet could enjoy supreme from the start of the hardscars swing all the way to early spring next year.

And yet, there is a growing sense that big serves and big forefunds can take a player only so far — in part because the players steeped in court craft who have succeeded these past rounds have largely done so by emphasizing those factors, adding time and reliability to their core shots so that their games of variety has a consistent success.

Marta Kwojnik used a similar approach to win two consecutive tournaments and 10 straight matches on clay before she lost in Andrews in the French Open semifinals. For, Jove, Jan 18, has a controlled aggressiveness and then kneed movement that calls Swianek to mind.

Then there is Karolina Machova, Nockers’s 20-year-old Czech compatriot. A insurer of the all-court, multifactorial approach to winning matches, Machova is putting together the best season of her career, to part by reminding herself to do the injury well. Creativity disguised by power can carry a player very far these days. As Machova experienced an Centre Court against her friend, it is a very hard thing to defend.

“I really couldn’t read where she’s going to serve, and it made it really

tough for me,” Machova said in her news conference after being in Nockers in three sets. “She’s a gale fighter. She’ll go after every point, she fights for every point, so she’s really competitive. It’s definitely tough to play her on any surface.”

Still, when Nockers did play to slide with the finishing line in sight, leading 4-2, 3-2, 0 was the power that went first. She caught forefunds straight after her new team. She sprayed double-hacks. She stopped trusting her balls down the line and defrauded to safer treatment shots that Machova could back on to and attack.

After listening away five championship points after the consecutive games and the second set in the quarter, Nockers left her start. She knew she had to miss. She read her coach had planned for such a scenario — she’s not quite as content on this, she said.

On her walk off Centre Court, she said she versus Rosewater from blue guns to the champion and the silver plate awarded to the runner-up.

She wanted the bigger one. So she played for it.

“I was a 2-3, 4-2, 5-0, 6-0, 7-0, 8-0, 9-0, 10-0, 11-0, 12-0, 13-0, 14-0, 15-0, 16-0, 17-0, 18-0, 19-0, 20-0, 21-0, 22-0, 23-0, 24-0, 25-0, 26-0, 27-0, 28-0, 29-0, 30-0, 31-0, 32-0, 33-0, 34-0, 35-0, 36-0, 37-0, 38-0, 39-0, 40-0, 41-0, 42-0, 43-0, 44-0, 45-0, 46-0, 47-0, 48-0, 49-0, 50-0, 51-0, 52-0, 53-0, 54-0, 55-0, 56-0, 57-0, 58-0, 59-0, 60-0, 61-0, 62-0, 63-0, 64-0, 65-0, 66-0, 67-0, 68-0, 69-0, 70-0, 71-0, 72-0, 73-0, 74-0, 75-0, 76-0, 77-0, 78-0, 79-0, 80-0, 81-0, 82-0, 83-0, 84-0, 85-0, 86-0, 87-0, 88-0, 89-0, 90-0, 91-0, 92-0, 93-0, 94-0, 95-0, 96-0, 97-0, 98-0, 99-0, 100-0.

“I really couldn’t read where she’s going to serve, and it made it really

tough for me,” Machova said in her news conference after being in Nockers in three sets. “She’s a gale fighter. She’ll go after every point, she fights for every point, so she’s really competitive. It’s definitely tough to play her on any surface.”

Still, when Nockers did play to slide with the finishing line in sight, leading 4-2, 3-2, 0 was the power that went first. She caught forefunds straight after her new team. She sprayed double-hacks. She stopped trusting her balls down the line and defrauded to safer treatment shots that Machova could back on to and attack.

After listening away five championship points after the consecutive games and the second set in the quarter, Nockers left her start. She knew she had to miss. She read her coach had planned for such a scenario — she’s not quite as content on this, she said.

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THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION

MONDAY, JULY 27, 2008 | 13

SPORTS

LeBron James signing is a boon for the N.B.A. East

Analysis

BY FRIDAY KAYS THE SPIRIT OF

The East is dead, even if it was hardly ever here. LeBron James's return to the conference he once dominated it only part of its rise.

On Friday, James announced that he would join the Philadelphia 76ers, the fourth and, he says, final organization of his career. And yet, the Sixers are hardly automatic favorites to go to the N.B.A. finals or even the conference finals — and not only because James is 41 years old or because of fuel for the N.B.A. finals or even the conference finals — and not only because James is 41 years old or because of fuel for the N.B.A. finals or even the conference finals — and not only because James is 41 years old or because of fuel for the N.B.A. finals or even the conference finals — and not only because James is 41 years old or because of fuel for the N.B.A. finals or even the conference finals — and not only because James is 41 years old or because of fuel for the N.B.A.

A longer season, greatest democracy to discuss negotiations, said on Friday that the 76ers became the fastest ones because James thought they were the team best equipped to help him win a 2008 N.B.A. title. James reportedly committed to a two-year, 68 million contract, with the second season being a player option. That's nearly a $10 million pay cut from his last LeBron contract.

The makeup of the conference is not the same as it was when James first asked to right consecutive finals berths before heading to Los Angeles in 2010. The path for the Sixers — whose healthy starting lineup is now loaded with two reigning all-N.B.A. performers in Tyrone Henry and Jaylon Brown, a talented up-and-come to V2 Edgecombe and two former MVPs in Enfield and James — is littered with obstacles.

The largest one, of course, is the New York Knicks, a franchise that lived in the cellar for most of James's starts with the Cleveland Cavalier and Miami Heat but just moved to one of the most convincing rings in N.B.A. history. The Knicks aren't just the champion; they're definitive ones that ended off 11 consecutive playoff wins and not the record for postseason point differential.

Allegiations of breathing from a weak Eastern Conference turned up and down to a couple of months ago, when they wrecked the Atlanta Hawks, 76ers and Cavaliers in three playoff series, after disposing of the San Antonio Spurs to only five games, that perspective changed. New York remains the team to beat.

And beyond the Knicks, the conference is deeper than to decades past. Sure, the Boston Celtics turned James Brown into Paul George, the most controversial transaction of the summer, but they also just won 81 games to bring it back to which their family had most best player, Jaylon Tatum. The time, Tatum will be healthy, been before it should be about better than he did a season ago, when his play was declined. The Celtics can deploy a more reliable center rotation after signing Mitchell

LeBron James is said to have chosen to play with the Philadelphia 76ers because he believes that they are the team best equipped to help him win a 2008 N.B.A. title.

Robinson. Maybe Boston doesn't win as many games this year, but the Celtics have a system and center that pump our victories.

The Detroit Prizes are having a funky offseason, having lost part of their 'Diving Pound' identity by dealing away Sarah Stewart and parting with veteran leader Tobias Harris. But once John Duron most likely re-signs, they will retain the young care of a 60-win team that includes a possible MVP candidate in Cade Cunningham.

That's three teams to give Philadelphia a battle, and we're not done. The 76ers' offseason officially super-changes with the millions of James, the only quadrupersation to existence who could change the landscape of the N.B.A. They added one players to Dean Wade and Ambrose Simons. But the roster is still shallow in an era when offseason speed at lightning pace, injuries are prevalent and long

bentches have carried teams for into the playoffs. As the Sixers showed just a few months ago, when they punched the Celtics in Round 1 but Russell are against the Knicks in Round 2, winning four playoff series takes a different type of depth and health than winning one does.

That's how New York won it all last season. It's how the Indiana Pacers raced to the finals (and almost won it) the year before. And now, after a gap year as the all-N.B.A. guard Tyrone Haliburton recovered from a ruptured Achilles, the Pacers bring back seven of their main rotation players from that eloquent 2023 run. They have replaced Myke Turner with Iriza Zubac, a superior starting center. They brought to energizer wing (and former 76ers) Kelly Traden Jr. this summer.

The Pacers are the squad that wins from exhausting you, a strategy that performs particularly well against

older or shallower teams. Including the Sixers, they make the East few teams deep. But there's more.

The Toronto Raptors are waiting on a Kawhi Leonard trade that may be may not happen. If it does, the defense will suffocate hopeful scorers, and Leonard can provide the effective on-one scoring weapon they seriously lacked during a 60-win season a year ago.

There is one guarantee: Some Eastern Conference teams will finish the upcoming season disappeared. The event will appear to be better than they were in 2015-20. The Sixers, the Pacers, the Raptors and more at the bottom. And yet, at least one of the six aftermen-

ioned teams is likely to fall into the Play by Tournament — because we are yet to get to the conference's reigning winner-up, the Cavaliers, who retain a core deal's won 50-pole games in three of the past four seasons.

We have yet to mention higher hopes for the Orlando Magic, who imploded last year, yet still managed to win 41 games and nearly upset the No. 1-ended Prizes. They hope better injury turn and a coaching change can revamp a stagnant offense, along with a defense that slipped in 2015-20.

We are yet to get to the Atlanta Hawks, whose starting lineup dominates Jaylon's hand with an opening C.J. McCollum statesman. The Hawks reaped the benefits of the Oklahoma City Thunder's salary standing, adding Karen Wiggins and Lu Iser to a squad that now employs 12 or 13 capable rotation players. Iser, Ilyson Daniels and Nickell Alexander Walker

could arguably be the league's birdieit defensive tie on the perimeter. That's one reason. At least one of them will miss the playoffs altogether. Maybe more than one, considering that the Miami Heat just traded for Giannis Antrobaezean. Though they gave up much of their roster for the two-time W.V.P., they still can hand him a co-star in Sam Ashby, top-notch defensive talent and an all-world coach in Eric Spontana. Meanwhile, the Washington Wizards have True Young, Anthony Davis, No. 1 pick A.J. Dybanna and a slew of interesting young players. The Charlotte Hornets may have ended LeBron and, but they are stocked up on shooting around a young care that's only getting better. That's 12 teams that could be anywhere from competitive to elite. This version of the East won't be an welcoming tie James as the one to know the first 25 years of his career.

The Mini Crossword

ACROSS - Rolling series of comments on a Twitch shown - It wasn't built in a day - Player of yellow Battles - Slams and more - Floating mountain of ice

DOWN - Persons perceive - Crusader of the 'Odyssey' - 'Relax, you're ... friends' - The word 'deceased' initially meant to reduce something by a factor of this - Defensive license block

ANSWER TO PREVIOUS PUZZLE

Priest + digital, in one illuminating package. Save the 4x4 in the first place of delivery and get the higher money, you have 80% for the benefits.

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14 | MONDAY, JULY 27, 2020

THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Culture

Country music's ultimate vanishing act

Fans are rediscovering Gary Stewart, a onetime star consumed by tragedy

BY BOB HIGER

In the summer of 1976, as America marked its Bicentennial and break with the British monarchy, Gary Stewart was celebrating his own commotion.

Covered by Time magazine as the 'king of books-road' music, Stewart had earned his regattale on a tour of classic country songs about loving, cheating, drinking and dying. Stewart's regattale on the top would be relatively brief — a half decade of hits interspersed with headlines about his drug been and record book battles. His self-destructive streak helped turn him into a vanishing act.

By the early 1980s, Stewart was far from lame, fueled up in a double-wink trailer in his hometown, Fort Pierce, Fla., consistently addressing a loss of tragedy. He'd already lost his role in suicide when, in late 2003, his wife of 42 years, Mary Lou, died unexpectedly. A great-struckest Stewart took his own life just a few weeks later. He was 50.

In the aftermath, there would be no tribute albums, lavish releases or reputation-barsealing documentaries. Our side of a crash, devoted cult, Stewart became a faded figure.

This year, however, Stewart's profile received its biggest boost since his hit-making loyalty thanks to the publication of 'I Am From the Honey Onion,' a definitive biography by the author Jimmy McDonough. The release label DeBono Recording Society Editors with the first deep dive into Stewart's archives with 'One Track Mind,' a collection of previously unethased songwriting demos.

This activity comes on a group of notable young country stars — the RBC based chart singer Ella Langley; the Country Music Association's male vocalist of the year, Cody Johnson; and the Grammy winner Early Big, among them — have been covering Stewart's songs, singing his praises, and exposing his music to a new generation of fans. 'There's something on one about Gary Stewart,' Tsai said in an interview. 'Every syllable he stops, he makes you feel it. His music isn't he everyone — but the news that he couldn't with it, they're hurricanes.'

'Gary teaches a nerve to people,' said McDonough, who spent two decades chasing the story of Stewart's life. 'I'm another character. That's what Suppressit's one and to a lot of others who've heard his music.'

For those who know that best, like Tanya Tucker, his friend, collaborator and a Country Music Hall of Famer, the idea of a Gary Stewart revived in 1978. 'Gary is the first. These people are just too precious for this life,' Tucker said. 'Gary was one of them. He never got his due while he was here. But maybe his time has finally come.'

A SHORT FEAT AT THE TOP

'You have to understand,' said Stewart's daughter, Shannon Boyce Ashburn, 'My dad ate, slept and breathed music.'

As Ashburn recalled in a recent interview, life in the Stewart theme was less than conventional. 'My great team couldn't even have a living room or a dining room,' she said. 'Naturally, we know was filled with Duffy revival collection, thousands of albums and all these grapes and amplifiers. It was just music, music, music all the time.'

Born in a Archer County, Ky. in 1942, Stewart was the editor of 12 Children. In the late '50s, the family had the well-timing camps of Appalachia-seeking opportunities in Florida's Treasure Coast. Stewart's father, George, was a cockfighting with his mother, Georgia, and seven Producers, and some Rock and-stance on the side.

Stewart was just 10, a high school dropout playing in a cockfighting band called the Tate Cats, when he met Mary Lou Taylor. Five years the senior 75s' attraction was instant and the couple mar-

ried soon after — a passionate, tempestuous union that would last the rest of their lives.

A natural-born musician with a flowing style on piano and guitar, Stewart would gig and tour with a series of bands through his mid-60s, playing rock, pop, R&B and blue-eyed soul. But he found his calling writing and singing country in 1965, at the urging of his fellow Flaviliani and country singer-songwriter Mel Tilin, Stewart and his partner Bill Eldridge (truck) led by Australia. They quickly found success on Blood City nonsmiths, getting their songs cut by the likes of Hank Snow and Cyl Smith, but it would take Stewart another decade to establish himself as a solo artist, landing a string of ten in-the-mid-70s.

He once memorably described a country song as 'a three-minute song opera,' and signature sides like 'Drinking Thing,' 'She's Actor Single (I'm Drinker Doobies)' and 'Is Some Roast Above the Street' illustrated his point. These short, sharp musical melodies, max, delivered in a high striking vibrant, cut through the era's placid country-pop to make their way to the top of the charts.

Through the back half of the '70s, Stewart found success and also a diverse group of admirers including Bob Dylan, the Allman Brothers, Wayne Jennings and the Clash. But after a few years, the hits suddenly dried up. 'It's a lot of forthcoming Stewart with the up-and-coming singer-songwriter Dean Dillon for a pair of their albums. When that failed to reignite his

career, Stewart was dropped by the label in 1983.

ONE WRITER'S OBSESSION

Around that time, McDonough caught one of Stewart's rare New York City appearances at the Lone Star Cafe. McDonough went expecting some 'piano-palesced song salesman in a 'طف-hat' replicating his radio film. Instead, the concert proved a revelation. 'In addition to his books-road,' Mr. Dillon said, 'would please her piano like Jerry Lee Lewis, play singing Southern Rock like the Allmans, even a ballad like Bobby Davis and play an acoustic timer that would have Tommy Johnson saddling his head,' McDonough said. 'It just like me away.'

'He genuinely did not give a damn about money or fame. The music industry didn't know what to do with someone like that.'

At the time, McDonough was working as a sound editor for films, but seeing Stewart redirected his life. He spent the next few years chasing down the singer, which abandoned his career and disappeared into Fort Pierce, where he was living a hermetic, beduastic existence. Determined to drug Stewart back into the spotlight, McDonough finally pinned him down in 1987 and spent 30 days and nights since moving him at his home. Over the course of intense conversations and occasional fights —

Stewart was fond of leading known to McDonough's direction — the pair brought a triangle, profound blasting.

The experience formed the basis of a lengthy Stewart profile published in the Village Voice in 1984. Job-starring McDonough's writing career. The story also revived Stewart's intrusion, as he made a comeback and cut a trio of albums for the California indie room label High Rose Records before retracing next again.

McDonough would go on to write an album to press biographies of other artists, including the mercantile Canadian rocker Neil Young, the exploitation film author Ross Meyer and the enigmatic enol singer Al Green. But he couldn't shake his Stewart obsession and eventually, inevitably, returned to the subject. 'It took years to get to the bottom of Gary's life,' McDonough said.

The 143 page 'I Am From the Honey-Trade' page'd स्पष्टly tucored in that effort, unpacking the roommate Stewart fell off the charts and out of favor with the Nashville establishment so dramatically in the early '80s. 'RCA wanted him to keep turning out these drinking songs that had been left,' McDonough said, 'but Gary got bored easily and wasn't going to do the same thing over and over again.' Injuries sustained in a serious car accident in 1983 led to Stewart's addiction in painkillers. 'Add to that his sister indifference to success — he generally did not give a damn about money or fame,' McDonough said. 'The music industry didn't know what to do with someone like that.'

The war-torn video is a fuller turn during the final years of Stewart's life, at which point he was down to playing the occasional money gig on a circuit of Texas dance halls and Native American reservations, where he remained a popular attraction. Following the death of their credited son, Joey, in 1990, told Stewart and his wife, Mary Lou, fell deeper into pits as a way of singing. Mary Lou died in her sleep in late 2003 — possibly from a heart attack, probably exacerbated by her drug use. Altright in autopsy was performed. Stewart was innumerable.

'We all tried to cheer him up so much as we could,' Tanya Tucker said. 'I told Gary, 'We'll get some pits together and we'll go away and write. We'll write an album of songs and dedicate them all to Lou. But he was already gone in a way.' Stewart's last performance won in December 2003, at a local bar called Pineapple Joe's. He joined the house band for a couple of Jimmy Reed and Elvis Presley career, before delivering a haunting version of his own 'An Empty Glass'. 'Somehow I'll make it home and cry myself in sleep,' he sang. 'That's how my day ends, every night for me.'

Ten days later Stewart was found in his trailer, dead from a self-inflicted shotgun wound.

Gary Stewart had a string of hits before he was dropped by his record label in 1983. Loh, Stewart in 1975: above, is an undated photo; below, with his wife, Mary Lou Stewart. In late 2003, she died unexpectedly. A great-struckest Stewart took his own life just a few weeks later. Outside of a small, devoted cult of fans, Stewart became a faded figure.

INSPIREC A NEW GENERATION

In an era where even the work of minor artists is suddenly anthologized and unpackaging, Stewart's catalog remains largely unstudied.

Joey Music, which owns Stewart's RCA material, put out a beer of compilation just after his death, but nothing since. Even now, half of Stewart's school for the label — including 'Little Junior' (1976), 'Gary' (1979) and 'Carries and a Rose' (1980) — are out of print and unavailable digitally.

'And there's none of other incredible stuff just sitting in the RCA vaults that on me's board,' said Mark Lunn, owner of the Nashville-based label DeBono Recording Society. In cooperation with Stewart's daughter, Linn is hoping to fill the void by releasing some of his pre-RCA recordings, starting with the new 'One Track Mind,' a 30-track set chronizing the songwriting efforts from 1987 to 1973.

Even on these demos never intended for public consumption, Stewart delivers each song as if his very life depended on the performance. 'Gary looked at any recording as something for penny,' McDonough said. 'It didn't matter if he was cutting in a big professional middle or sitting in his trailer singing into my tape recorder. His thing was, 'You're gonna remember this song for the rest of your life.''

That brand of artistic intensity has attracted a legion of fans in Stewart's work

in recent years. 'Gary Stewart made serious music,' said the contemporary books-road singer Charley Crockett. 'A series of his themes, it's real music for adults, and that's maybe what's been missing from country.'

The interest in Stewart's music has even begun to transcend the country realm. The North Carolina indie-rock band Wednesday recorded a crunchy noisy cover of 'She's Actor Single (I'm Drinker Doobies)' that's become a staple of their live shows.

'Gary wrote some of the best songs of all time,' said the Wednesday from women, Katy Hartzman. 'You had to dig a little bit to find them, so ultimately covering him both like discovering buried treasures and then throwing all the deathmen to the audience.'

Beverly, Hartzman met McDonough a video from a National radio concert in Sydney, Australia, where young people in a sold-out venue were dancing and singing along to Stewart's song. 'To think that Gary's music is meaning over to other generations and other hemispheres,' McDonough said, exaching. 'He would have been over the moon with that.'

Ashburn said, 'I just gave to show you how ahead of his time he really was.'

'And would be so thrilled that he's still teaching people's lives through his music,' she added. 'That's all he ever wanted.'

Alfred, Stewart with Shirley Britz, left, of the Allman Brothers in the early 1980s. Before Stewart performing, with Gregg Allman seated at right in the background. In his heyday, Stewart found a diverse group of admirers including Bob Dylan and the Clash.

Stewart in the 1970s. 'Some people are just too precious for this life,' said Tanya Tucker, the country star. 'Gary was one of them.'

---

THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION

MONDAY, JULY 27, 2020 | 15

CULTURE

Indeed by the 'slightly' unnerving'

For her mystery novel, Caitlin Mullen turned to New Jersey's exactest place

BY ELIZABETH EGAN

Caitlin Mullen was driving through the Pine Barrens in New Jersey, midway between her house in Princeton and her mother's on the Jersey Shore, when a Jersey boy that this shrouded, his son set was the perfect backdrop for her next novel.

'It's more,' Mullen, 38, said of the 11 million-acre swath of woodland that swore a precinct, and a chameleman, and Garden State. 'You lose cell service here. You lost completely isolated. You might be the only person on the road for a long stretch.'

On a shingle Monday morning, we were the only people at Franklin Parker Preserve, right at the center of the Pine Barrens, not counting the driver in a car with school windows who shrouded the instant I pulled into the parking lot.

The sky glowered and grounded as Mullen said I set out on a tour of the place that inspired the new mystery, 'Heather,' which came out on June 8. It began with a little Jersey warrants detective-moving back to the Pine Barrens to become the chief of police in her hometown. Once there, she immediately arrests her caution.

'After this shroozygong opening scene,' our close columnist writer, 'Mullen unspired a narrative of uncrucive complexity involving decades-old unearthed romance, even elaborately secrets and the way in which young women are psychic style.'

As is Liz Moore's best-selling children 'The God of the Woods,' unnamed wilderness plays a starring role in 'Heather,'

'There's something slightly unnerving about this landscape,' Mullen said cheerily, bursting a handsome individual openly backpack on one shoulder. (She also had bug spray (two penzines and two entrellings.))

Pine and croke every guarded and quietly opened around us in every direction. The only one could be the crowds of our footsteps and a vilt of whirling no plankets, it sounded as if the areas population was calling for an inhumanity.

Mullen left her way to an old cranberry bag, then to a wood-choked old small crux over used by the Blue Coast bar, while a new car is a new driver in New Jersey City in Atlantic City. She made the dizzying flames of her certain, which makes it able to keep your footsteps. 'You have no courage points. You have no whirly points.' 'You have no courage points. You have no whirly points.' 'You have no courage points. You have no courage points.'

She used this sense of discombination to her part in her book, as did the creators of 'The Inquisitor' in the latest 'Pine Barrens' episode, where Christopher and Paulie nearly frozen to death trying to find their way back to criticizing.

Mullen spent her early years on the western edge of the Pine Barrens and her new years outside Atlantic City after a mid to upstate New York. Her fa-

ther and grandmother worked at custom. She worked in a voyage-province to take ups, in a Southwark T-shirt shop and at several local restaurants — 'I found of an every good New Jersey joke,' as she got.

When Mullen went to Calgary University, 'I would say I was from South Jersey and friends would say. Oh people live there! They thought it was completely unpopulated. It's actually this incredible vibrant place where people feel passionate about conservation. That's why it still exists the way it does.'

Mullen pointed out what blunderries — we caught a love, delicious — and described the many specialized articles and carnivorous plants tucked into the marshlands around us. She spoke of swimming with her mantra in lakes 'so tames they look like me' and cunning and fishing with her father, who often suddenly found her sophomore year of college. He was 9.

'It was a rupture in the life,' Mullen said. 'I think that shows up in my work in ways that I can see and in ways that I can't see.'

Legend has it that the Jersey Devil haunts the Pine Barrens: you can't grow up in New Jersey without fearing his wrath.

Few of the characters in 'Heather' have two parents, 40 of them are searching for something they can't find, financing someone they've lost. The woods they hide is or run from are old dead with sinkholes, a hallmark of the Pine Barrens (and a handy metaphor).

After college, Mullen got a master's in English at New York University and studied writing at EDNY Henry Brook. She worked in publishing — at Bloomsbury, Warren and Hamilton — at the Ward Bookstore in both Jersey City and Brooklyn.

One of her favorite books to sell was 'All Things Come to Appeal,' by Elizabeth Brumage, a recommendation from her graduate school advisor, Susan Israel Merrell. Mullen said: 'It's set in the '70s, it's got a murder, it's got ghosts — liberal

ghosts. I was like, 'You can do that!'

'She added,' I learned to articulate what I never heard a book, in which about things from a reader's perspective. It helped me utilize my taste.'

Mullen decided to give her written voice, a resolution she's kept in both of her novels. Her Edgar Award-winning 2020 debut, 'Please See Us,' was inspired by the medieval number of several women whose books were dumped behind an abandoned hotel in a march in Atlantic City.

'I think Cat could set a novel on the scale and it would be remarkably grounded and feel completely unfulfilled when in an email,' but it is also true that he was for New Jersey and her understanding of it is complete.'

In the early months of the pandemic, Mullen moved from Brooklyn Heights to Princeton with her family. Her daughter was moving to court, her husband was following his laptop on an air-conditioning unit; they needed more space. At first, Mullen admitted, 'I didn't want to go back to Jersey. I'd done that.'

She started writing 'Heather' in 2022, after her on was there. (She is now a mother of history.) Over the next two years, she made regular trips to the Pine Barrens, visiting abandoned factories and ghost towns authored across the area. She explored state forests, and joined a guided moonlight hiler through Franklin Parker Preserve.

'My husband was always like, 'Just me when you can't your walk,'' Mullen said. 'The text wouldn't go through and I'll be like, 'Well, no one knows where I am.'

The idea was both liberating and 'Heather's.' Legend has it that the Jersey Devil haunts the Pine Barrens; you can't grow up in New Jersey without fearing his wrath. She remained the heart of the story while minding a little child been with a goats' hand, but's wings and lissows. (Were there surveys watching us.) wondered. Hope, just the planned fours marking our road.)

Then Mullen led us to the trance of Brookstone-Brick Factory, a 10-minute drive down Mt. Henry Road, a speedy byway hand with white croasis incensed

Caitlin Mullen in the Pine Barrens in New Jersey, Untamed wilderness plays a starring role in her novel 'Heather'

along our accident victims.

No scrambling over another stretch of train track, stopped around a paddle the size of a kiddie yard and walked down a stairs, train-slowed path to a clearing in the woods. A light drizzle had turned terrestrial, but Mullen was anchored.

'This was nearer to be a train-of-the-art factory,' Mullen said, pointing to a marvel of maddering walls and sunsets during back to the early 1800s. The owner died; a pair of caretakers perished in a fire. The factory never opened.

In 'Heather,' Mullen was a high school junior at Brookstone. Her description of its 'technician graffiti are evocative in the past. He plays in real life was a different story. Littered with beer cans, crushed into cups and a resting watermelon, the vibe was downright creepy.

Mullen said, 'It's always used of when I come here that someone's going to pop out of the woods.'

'He haunts more for 'Heather' in a more stable course of the state, at Thacker Road, but in a Spring camp, about as their north-south Pine Barrens.

'I am obsessed with the book,' said Kate Cyzerowitz, the word combination, buyer and manager of the store. 'New Jersey is such a cool and scrappy and haunted man, we need more stories about it. And this one is so atmospheric.'

Cyzerowitz said, 'I have a great caper of 'Heather' on far and compared it to 'The Correspondent.' She said, 'It's one of these novels where the store people that have it is the 'hearts next read it and here it will be the 'hearts' of good-spread the wildfire.'

Mullen said it's been especially gratifying to the store readers from the Pine Barrens, who've thanked her for representing this strictly outrageous place. Unleashly, she described herself as happy to have moved back to New Jersey, where she'd family run away more.

'There's so much mystery here,' she said, glancing across our trees and ranchished road. 'It's still unknowable in a lot of ways.'

Our insatiable appetite for stories about cannibalism

Why are the characters in so many new novels eating each other?

BY ALEXANDRA ALTON

A few years ago, the playwright and TV writer Megan Mostyn-Brown had an idea for a series about people who suffer from a rare genetic disorder that drives them to consume human flesh. Her manager was wary, warning that network executives might balk at the grisly premise.

Mostyn-Brown was perplexed by the ageanarchitects over who he was who was obviously with metaphor.

'I've always loved cannibalism,' she said. 'It's the shame and the taboo of it all that I find really fascinating. How do you make your way through the world leading on to such a dark sector?'

As she proved, and turned the idea into a novel, 'The Need,' which comes out that September 1981 during just intergenerational family drama, it has never a cannibal named Talia. These genetic and major requests for the human flesh to only healthy, a job on an institution that to get out of the market is a sort of critically revered meal, but Talia struggles to control her teenage sex, who undertook the genetic condition and accustomed to this not by eating a340-veins.

Talia and her son aren't individual social killers, in the vein of Hannibal Larkin, or starving shipwreck or plant crash survivors. But the most part, they're regular people with irregular dietary needs. Talia, accompanied single mother, just wants to put food on the farm for her family without having to kill too many people.

In Mostyn-Brown, cannibalism felt the perfect expression of human rage — a visceral form of grossing games the pressure women face to repress their appetites and not be gross or messy or greedy or needy.

'American culture is not super welcoming to the idea of women being angry, and right now, a lot of women are very, very angry,' she said. 'I was interested in what it means to be a woman, and have to do something to ugly, like out another person.'

Stories of people-eating have captivated audiences for centuries, even millenesses, dating back to the Great myths. Explorations of human flesh eating appear in History's 'Odyssey,' the epic 'Beaverie' and 'Hadesupress' plays, and in works by Voltaire, Anambus heeft and Charles Dukeson. Cannibalism leases large in our collective imagination. It's the most extreme form of violence, the ultimate taboo, it's a damlactic, catalyzed and grotesque.

Lately, cannibalism has become a popular and potent hope in contemporary fiction, where it has erupted up as a metaphor for contentious issues: microgyns, social inequality, our cultural obsession with body image, rampant and unnatural ways social media drives overconsumption and, in turn, consumes us.

Trivia Norwood, the editor in chief of the Key Books, who'll say blaming 'The Need,' said she was immediately hooked by the novel's concept.

'Cannibalism is really but right now,' she said.

The accumbents of horror has faded the rise of cannibalism as a narrative device, both in traditional horror stories and across media hard greens. It was a theme in the bit television series 'The Neophires,' the coming triage romance movie 'Bones and All,' and in the crime dramas like 'Dukeson' about the social killer Jeffrey Dukeson.

In novels, it has emerged as a play point in horror, of course, but also in literary fiction (Dressus Blackleg's 'Lawrence'), biting (Beverly) period in the 1st's 'Girl (Home)' by Olivia Blakes, historical fiction (Maria Tannasch's 'The House Will Feed'), young adult novels ('The Summer I Got the Rich,' by Malika Moultrie and Marcia Moultrie), and by the

tapiasn fiction ('Reader is the Flesh,' by the Argentine author Agustinia Razonraco).

This new breed of fictional cannibals both different from its predecessors, two monstrous and more competitive. Often, these cannibals cut people in protest or weather systems injustice or de-response to trauma, violence and discrimination.

In 'Nothing Tastes an Good,' Luke Cannon uses cannibalism to devote out cultural obsession with fitness and physical appearance, and the ways sought guns and medically induced weight loss are often treated as moral failings.

The story's protagonist, Cannon, keeps to be thinned, and finds his life dramatically

naturally altered when a new weight loss day by takes radically transferable.

At first, Cannon is horrified when he starts to cover human flesh as a side of her from the drug. But as he kills and cuts people who have digested or hurt him, he begins to see it as a way to exclaim his agency and sense of self. The outcome who was belittled for his anti-cannibalism becomes the ultimate form of overconsumption, centuries and payback.

'Cannibalism is such a malleable metaphor,' Cannon said. 'You can project so many different things onto the image of consumption or eating, devastating another person.'

Cannon drew on his own experience as a gay man who has struggled with his weight and only image for most of his life, facing discrimination, bullying and misconceptions that left him feeling angry and ashamed. But, as he noted, afterwards, I have not murdered or eaten anything.

Many recent fictional cannibals are kidnap women who cut people (mostly men) out of rage at the way society has made them feel powerless and small. Often, these stories subvert the feminine ideal of self-nutrition, dismantling stereotypes of women as nurturing caretakers. Cannibalism becomes the ultimate rebellion against male supremacy. (New slogan: Eat the patriarchy!) What's wrong is unimpressed—than a woman eating others to satisfy her own danger?

In Catherine Dandy's coming-of-age novel 'What Stingers,' the protagonist, a young Vietnamese American woman named Ronan, develops an undeniable craving for human flesh after she is sexually assaulted at a party and bites her another's ear. What starts in a response to trauma becomes a way to reclaim power rather than bring him a victim, as well as a form of revenge.

'Creechy' by Callie Kanner, a psychological thriller about wealth, privilege and ordinary obsession, follows a private chief working for a reckless decade Japanese billionaire with a very particular palate who represents everything women are discouraged from being — she's rich, powerful and vivacious.

The main character in Monika Kato's novel 'The Eyes Are the Best Puts,' a young Korean American woman, develops a more for human eyeballs, particularly those of the blue-eyed men she kills and disfigures to gracious love and love and against Asian blacksmakes and the male gaze.

Female cannibals are resonating right now in part because so many women are angry and scared about the tension of women's rights, said Olivia Blakes, whose 2022 novel 'Girl (Home)' took the 'girl-dinner' memo from social

media in a horrifying new direction. Rather than a daring meal of chanting, drive and choose, Blakes' woman of girl dinner finds members of a campus sorority taking part in secret rites that involve killing and eating men.

'A lot of the cannibal novels are happening in response to the x' Walk being the first time of a publication of a woman's body,' Blakes said. 'If we're being denied essential humanity, why should we care if we're driven to consume humans?'

Bill Schatz, the author of 'Cannibalism: A Waverly Natural History' said that while cannibalism has long been a symbol of 'the worst behavior a human could undertake,' it's because more plausible in readers of fiction as writers depict cannibals as heroes or endosings.

'This is insane to a path, and believe is relates to these authors playing characters who might be perceived as weak or marginalized also positions of power and dominance,' Schatz said. 'Current writers are using this expanded view of cannibalism as a way to explore the behavior in care and inventive ways.'

Some critics have had enough of all the human flesh consumption. In an essay in The Dinacritic Review, a reviewer code around 10 new novels featuring cannibals are argued that the trend has become so ubiquitous and diminutive that the habits 'are shabashishly eating each other.'

Readers, however, seem to have quite the appetite for all the people eating. In a health thread that tailed how thoroughly cannibalism has overtaken horror fiction, many commenters said they couldn't get enough.

'Give me all of the cannibalism books, especially using it as a metaphor for capitalism,' one over the other.

'I feel the same,' another replied. 'I see cannibalism in the image warnings, I add to care.'

Alexandra Alter covers books, publishing and the literary world for The Times.

---

16 | MONDAY, JULY 27, 2020

THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION

TRAVEL

Budget-friendly strategies for Reykjavik

Public pools and a pass to museums keep costs down in Iceland's capital

BY ELAINE GUNAC

Of the 394,000-ish people who live in Iceland, nearly 252,000 live-in and around Reykjavik, the capital. There are active volunteers in its suburbs, but it is the sparsely peopled beyond — home to glaciers, waterfalls, burial cliffs and other geologic wonders — that largely attracts visitors.

My contract, Reykjavik is the place to experience Icelandic creativity, history and human. There, you can visit an array of museums, stingels with locals and visitors at the famous bar Rail. Hearins and, for cheap eats, sample the rye Sathrøad/Solnaka from the grocery chain Krenau — stings I did during a few response in Reykjavik on an Icelandic flight to commercial Europe.

The program — which allows fliers to stay in Iceland for up to a week — is a potentially attractive way for religious classes to see the ideal religion that will track across Iceland on Aug. 12. The path of totality includes Reykjavik as well as Westfjords and the Swedish men Peninsula in the north, and the Reykjavins Peninsula near the airport in Keflavik. (Expecting heavy traffic, Iceland's success authority is encouraging unique vouchers to take one of many more on offer.)

Here are four money-saving strategies and a few tips on small splurges in the most popular part of Iceland. Here that back prices are listed in Icelandic krenau, though travelers may see prices to come and dollars.

CHEAP-OUT ON ACCOMMODATIONS

Saving on overnight stays in a challenge both at hotels and short-term rentals. An USA, a service that also lives the short-term rental industry, puts Iceland vacation rentals second on its list of the most expensive European destinations (behind Monaco), with an average daily rate of around 1500's a night.

I spend for the cheapest rental I could find on AirBnL a single room in a greenhouse about two blocks from the central Hallgrímskóryla church (1844 a night, before taxes and fees).

A shared bathroom was down the hall, a cozy library was just outside my door, and the downtown kitchen offered a refrigerator and cooking facilities. During the middle of a week in April, I had few housemates (several days of a sugar-breaping caryings). A burglar alternative, like Pearce, features a bar, laundry facilities, a patio and a 2,700-krenau (about $33), breakfast buffet. The summer, private rooms start at around $101 a night, and a bed in a dorm about 458. Nearby, City Hub Reykjavik offers ped-style accommodations with king beds, shared

The Reykjavik City Card, which offers entry to numerous attractions, easily pays for itself.

Clockwise from left: Sandbell, one of Iceland's, gentlemanly housed public pools; the contemporary Reykjavik Art Museum. Hallaarbun in downtown Reykjavik; Sub-jamann, from which a rocky causeway leads to a lighthouse during the title; lumb chops and roasted potatoes at Hinnour Food Hall; and a view of Hinnour Food Hall, which is housed in a former box terminal.

MARK LIKE A LOCAL

Volcanic activity meets an abundant water supply in Iceland's many gentlemanly housed pools. There are roughly 200 public pools across the country, and its swimming pool culture — as a health practice-and social setting — earned a spot on UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage list last year.

Don't confuse these pools with but springs like the Blue Lagoon in Grindavik, though, which offer numerous to nature as well as water. Public pools are closer to community swimming complexes, with lap lanes, wading pools and water-seeking pools, which are often maintained in different temperatures.

Admissions to the Blue Lagoon starts at 185, and Reykjavik's public pools, including the central Sandbell pool, cost 1,500 krenau (included with the Reykjavik City Card).

I plan to find the card to visit the Venturhalsjördag pool, which offers five hot tubs and added three saunas last year.

SELF-SERVICE MEALS

Food prices can be more Iceland's remote location and reliance on shipping. Shipping bill-service restaurants awards like shipping vacation, but there are dining alternatives that are a step up from the grub-and-go fare at 10-11 convenience stores.

Reykjavik offers several food halls—or soups — including the harburhead Grand Mathell and Pontius Food Hall & Bar in a former post office.

At Hinnour Food Hall, in a former box terminal, I passed up the cheaper pizza and bake on sandwich options for Icelandic lumb chops and baby roasted potatoes at Fjörbudd (3,500 krenau).

For needed sourdough and fragrant cinnamon loom, stop at Broad & Co, a popular bakery with just a few meals for standard bedding on Friskinsögur (the original of eight locations around town). Expect to spend about $12 on a pastry and coffee.

The lunch crew at Icelandic Street Frank didn't come on a sweet food — for that try an Icelandic bar bag at Stacjarins Rørts Pylvar (800 krenau) — but the greenness portion served in a broad bowl (included free chills) (3,200 krenau). Malty pancakes with syrup were offered free for dessert.

GUIDED AND INDEPENDENT WALKS

City Walk Reykjavik offers two-hour free walking tours to major city nights daily unless, as during my visit, fewer than 10 people sign-up, which is rare in the summer. As an alternative, I was able to sign on the company's slightly longer small-group tour (1,400 krenau), walking from Hallgrímskóryla to City Hall.

Both landmarks aren't hard to see on your own. Instead, the company's strength is its engaging founder and guide, Marvinus Brixen, who offered insights into the city's brightly colored corrugated metal houses, played Icelandic hits by Laabby and Kalee, and described the Icelandic wrestling tradition known as glires that he allowed growing up in Reykjavik.

'It starts with a slow dance, then a wedge and then you throw your opponent over your shoulder,' he explained. Reykjavik's long days and soustals views seem to encourage walking; I put in 12 miles (19-kilometers) on foot one day, including a three-mile trek to the Crosta Lighthouse. It guides shipment Faraffes Bay from a peninsula that stretches from Sellymuaross, just west of the city.

Low tide exposes a rocky causeway that invites monopol visitors to walk to the lighthouse. At high tide, it's stranded on an island.

The tides were not looming on the morning of my visit, but I managed to see dozens of older ducks and common redstands in the neighboring nature preserve. Just east of the lighthouse, the Kirka foot bath, a small gentlemanly housed pool cut into a rock by the Icelandic artist Olaf Norrdal, offers free soaks for tired feet.

SMALL-OCALE SPLURGES

What I saved on heat and helping housed a low small splurges, starting at the Harps Music Hall, the landmark concert hall with a glass hoodie by the Icelandic-Danish artist Olafur Eliasson.

On the lower level, the Volcanic Express screens a film documenting recent volcanic eruption magnified by motion effects. Motorsports buckle ties more than crumple, pitch and stretch. By along with the unseen poor rivers of lava, accompanied by waves of hot air (admissions 1,898 krenau).

Later, I caught a corner in which volunteers performing at the White-Perfers Day played along to clap of silver movies starring Charlie Chaplin and Mary Pickford (lickers 3,500 krenau).

Like the lead in Reykjavik, drinks aren't cheap: after the concert, a local I.F.A. from Midhugó brewery at the bestling Skull Craft Bar cost 1,000 krenau.

But splurges can sometimes lead to deals. If I hadn't spent 750-krenau on a coppurynist at Príkal (muted as the city's sakkot coffee-house) one morning, I wouldn't have found the free publication The Reykjavik Grapevine and its list of 'Magnavit filters,' including Príkal's 500-krenau heers.

bathrooms and a hot tub on the red (from about 120 euros, or $106).

BUY AN ATTRACTIONS-PASS

Reykjavik has an impressive number of museums for a city of its size, and the most economical way to see them is with the Reykjavik City Card.

The card, which is available in 24-48- and 72-hour movements (starting at 10 euros), allows entry to 17 museums and attractions, and eight commuting pools. It also offers discounts on other activities, including 30 percent off a whole-washing trial. If you visit the National Museum of Iceland (admission is 1,300 krenau) and one pool in a day, the card just about pays for itself.

On the long days of subarctic spring, I did much more than that. I learned about the Viking origins of Iceland at the eugenosing National Museum, enjoyed Ioileide illustrations at the National Gallery of Iceland and took in exhibitions on houses of photography and the hearable use of kren in architecture or the contemporary Reykjavik Art Museum Hallaarbun.

The card also covers local bus transportation that are the Flybee, which runs between the airport in Keflavik and Reykjavik, from 3,000 krenau one way.

QA Report - The New York Times International - 27.07.2026.pdf

Pipeline

• Extraction route: mistral-ocr
• extraction_route=mistral-ocr
• Translation chunks: 86
• Extraction warnings:
• [OCR-ROUTE] Scanned PDF detected; routing directly to MistralOCR.

Non-model Checks

• WARNING: translated output has low semantic coherence score (0.04)
• WARNING: Missing proper nouns in translation: Andrew Jones, Anthony Davis, As Ashburn, As Machova, Asia Society Policy Institute, At Hinnour Food Hall, Atlanta Hawks, Atlantic City, Bates Jr, Before Russia
• WARNING: source dates, money, or percentage tokens may be missing

Model QA

PDF 翻译质量审计报告

总体评价

结论：未通过 (Quality Audit Failed) 译文存在严重的幻觉 (Hallucination)、低级 OCR 错误导致的误译以及关键数字缺失。译文在处理不规范的原文（OCR 质量较差）时，未能通过上下文修复，而是直接翻译了错误的词汇，导致大量句子不通顺且含义荒诞。

详细缺陷清单

1. 严重幻觉与误译 (Hallucinations & Mistranslations)

• 逻辑荒诞：
  • 原文 Truth Secret $\rightarrow$ 译文 Truth Secret (应为 Truth Social)。
  • 原文 desiccated aircraft (此处原文OCR应为 dedicated) $\rightarrow$ 译文 脱水飞机的重建决策（严重幻觉，将 aircraft 误认为脱水）。
  • 原文 million dollars with top partners $\rightarrow$ 译文 与顶级伙伴进行了数百万美元的沟通 (语义不通)。
  • 原文 power plan to bridge the each ship $\rightarrow$ 译文 电力计划来弥补伊朗击中的每艘船 (完全误译)。
  • 原文 16 million bombers (原文OCR误将 goodies/promotional items 识别为 bombers) $\rightarrow$ 译文 16 million 轰炸机 (未纠正OCR错误，导致内容极其荒谬)。
• 词汇误用：
  • Gentlemanly housed pool $\rightarrow$ 小型绅士房泳池 (应为 an modestly housed pool 或类似表达)。
  • L.N.G. alone $\rightarrow$ L.N.G. alone 总裁 (原文应为公司名，译文直接保留英文且语义不明)。

2. 数字与度量错误 (Wrong Numbers & Omissions)

• 关键缺失：
  • 原文 supplies about hundreds of Europe's L.N.G. $\rightarrow$ 译文 供应欧洲约数百个 L.N.G. (丢失了单位/具体量级)。
  • 原文 compared with about a quarter of 8 in 2025 $\rightarrow$ 译文 2025 年约为 8 的四分之一 (数字 8 毫无意义，原文OCR损坏，译文未标注)。
• 货币/单位混乱：
  • krenau (原文OCR错误，应为 króna 冰岛克朗) $\rightarrow$ 译文大部分保留为 krenau 或 克罗纳，未统一且未纠正。

3. 残留英文块与清理标签 (Residual English & Cleanup Labels)

• 交付缺陷：译文开头包含一个巨大的 [!WARNING] 质量评估块，列出了 Missing proper nouns 等内部审核信息。这是严重的交付缺陷，内部 QA 标签被直接输出给用户。
• 未翻译词汇：Truth Secret, L.N.G. alone, Lurley, Pichal, Nadela 等专有名词或 OCR 错误词汇直接残留。

4. 截断与顺序问题 (Truncation & Section Order)

• 内容重复/混乱：译文在中间部分出现了内容重复（例如“亚洲石油买家”章节在文档中出现了两次），且页面跳转标记（如 HEL, 第 4 页 $\rightarrow$ GIL, 首页 7）极其混乱。

总结

该译文处于不可用状态。翻译器在面对 OCR 损坏的文本时，采取了“机械对译”而非“上下文推断”，导致出现了如“脱水飞机”、“1600万架轰炸机”等严重错误。此外，将内部 QA 警告信息包含在正文中，违反了交付标准。